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The Association between Diabetes and Human T-Cell Leukaemia Virus Type-1 (HTLV-1) with Strongyloides stercoralis: Results of a Community-Based, Cross-Sectional Survey in Central Australia

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Talukder, Mohammad Radwanur, Pham, Hai, Woodman, Richard, Wilson, Kim, Taylor, Kerry, Kaldor, John, Einsiedel, Lloyd·2022·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
DOI 10.3390/ijerph19042084PMC PMC8872355
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Abstract

In central Australia, an area that is endemic for the human T-cell leukaemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1), the prevalence of Strongyloides stercoralis and its association with other health conditions are unknown. A cross-sectional community-based survey was conducted in seven remote Aboriginal communities in central Australia, from 2014 to 2018. All residents aged ≥10 years were invited to complete a health survey and to provide blood for Strongyloides serology, HTLV-1 serology and HTLV-1 proviral load (PVL). Risk factors for Strongyloides seropositivity and associations with specific health conditions including diabetes and HTLV-1 were determined using logistic regression. Overall Strongyloides seroprevalence was 27% (156/576) (children, 22% (9/40); adults (≥15 years), 27% (147/536), varied widely between communities (5–42%) and was not associated with an increased risk of gastrointestinal, respiratory or dermatological symptoms. Increasing age, lower HTLV-1 PVL (<1000 copies per 105 peripheral blood leucocytes) compared to the HTLV-1 uninfected group and community of residence were significant risk factors for Strongyloides seropositivity in an adjusted model. A modest reduction in the odds of diabetes among Strongyloides seropositive participants was found (aOR 0.58, 95% CI 0.35, 1.00; p = 0.049); however, this was lost when body mass index was included in the adjusted model (aOR 0.48, 95% CI 0.48, 1.47; p = 0.542). Strongyloides seropositivity had no relationship with anaemia. Exploring social and environmental practices in communities with low Strongyloides seroprevalence may provide useful lessons for similar settings.

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  • Previous studies suggest HTLV-1c has a distinct pathogenesis.

    “with previous studies suggesting a distinct pathogenesis [96,118,119,120].”

    From Current State of Therapeutics for HTLV-1 (2024) · cites this paper as [118]

    The Introduction describes immune effects of HTLV-1 infection in people with Strongyloides, and Methods §2.5 mentions HTLV-1c only to identify the sequence targeted by a test. Neither passage says HTLV-1c has a distinct pathogenesis. Searches for “pathogenesis” and subtype-specific differences found no passage addressing that claim. (LLM, conf=0.74)

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Research works printed but not linked: 44

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  • Current State of Therapeutics for HTLV-1

    Wang, T. T., Hirons, A., Doerflinger, M., Morris, K. V., Ledger, S., Purcell, D. F. J., Kelleher, A. D., & Ahlenstiel, C. L. (2024) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v16101616 · Cited by 22 · see citing works

    “A caveat, however, is that immunocompetent HTLV-1 carrier mouse models demonstrate very little in vivo spread of infection with no evidence of disease, except for one report of tumorigenesis [125,126].”
    Background

Authors
Talukder, M. R., Pham, H., Woodman, R., Wilson, K., Taylor, K., Kaldor, J., & Einsiedel, L.
Affiliations
  • Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (AU)
  • Flinders University (AU)
  • National Serology Reference Laboratory, Melbourne, VIC 3065, Australia
  • Poche Centre for Indigenous Health and Wellbeing, Alice Springs, NT 0870, Australia
  • UNSW Sydney (AU)
Corresponding author
Einsiedel, Lloyd
ORCID
Venue
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2022-02-13
Volume
19
Issue
4
Pages
2084
ISSN
1660-4601 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/ijerph19042084
PMC
PMC8872355
OpenAlex
W4213076079
Cited by
11
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 6
FWCI
1.79
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
Funders
National Health and Medical Research Council (1088517)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Parasitology › Parasites and Host Interactions
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Parasitic Diseases Research and Treatment
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and Retrovirus Studies
Keywords
Strongyloides stercoralis, HTLV-1, diabetes mellitus, seroprevalence, HTLV-1 proviral load, Aboriginal communities, Central Australia, risk factors, anemia, body mass index, gastrointestinal symptoms, parasitic infection
MeSH terms
Adult, Animals, Australia, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diabetes Mellitus, Humans, Strongyloidiasis, Human T-lymphotropic virus 1, Leukemia, T-Cell, HTLV-I Infections, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Strongyloides stercoralis

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