Contribution of Aging, Obesity, and Microbiota on Tumor Immunotherapy Efficacy and Toxicity
Open accessAbstract
Cancer immunotherapy has entered the forefront of cancer treatment, but major challenges still exist, such as the limited proportion of patients that respond to treatment and treatment-related toxicity. Therefore, biomarkers to predict which patients will benefit from therapy without major side effects are of the utmost importance. Moreover, novel therapeutic targets to increase the proportion of responding patients on a given immunotherapy or to alleviate immunotherapy-induced toxicity could be a valuable adjunct to immunotherapy treatment. Host factors such as age, obesity, and the composition of the gut microbiome have considerable effects on immune responses and, hence, could have a large impact on the outcome of immunotherapies. Moreover, since these host factors differ considerably between preclinical mouse models and human cancer patients, it might be possible that these host factors account, in part, for the observed discrepancies in outcomes between mice experiments and clinical trials. In this review, we discuss the latest data on the influence of aging, obesity, and the gut microbiome on the anti-tumor immune response and immunotherapy and propose avenues to increase our knowledge on this topic in order to improve patient selection for cancer immunotherapy treatment.
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Metagenomic shotgun sequencing (MSS) is superior to 16S RNA sequencing because it avoids PCR bias and sheds light on functional pathways.
“metagenomic shotgun sequencing (MSS) is superior to the more commonly used 16S RNA sequencing because it can not only avoid PCR bias derived from the choice of primers and 16S rRNA variable region, but also shed light on functional pathways [95, 102].”
From Gut microbiota-mediated immunomodulation in tumor (2021) · cites this paper as [102]
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References 76 · Cited by 30
- Authors
- Baiden-Amissah, R. E. M., & Tuyaerts, S.
- Affiliations
- KU Leuven (BE)
- Corresponding author
- Tuyaerts, Sandra
- Venue
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2019-07-23
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 14
- Pages
- 3586
- ISSN
- 1422-0067 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6678743
- OpenAlex
- W2963545741
- Cited by
- 30
- References
- 76
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 0.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- dx.doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Lirias (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- VUBIR (Vrije Universiteit Brussel) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Keywords
- cancer immunotherapy, immunotherapy efficacy, immunotherapy toxicity, aging, obesity, gut microbiota, antitumor immunity, predictive biomarkers, patient selection, host factors
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological, Aging, Animals, Disease Models, Animal, Humans, Immunotherapy, Neoplasms, Obesity, Signal Transduction, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Mice, Biomarkers, Pharmacological, B7-H1 Antigen, CTLA-4 Antigen, Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor
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