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Cited by 39Chromosomal and Genetic VariationsRNA Interference and Gene DeliveryCancer-related molecular mechanisms research

A Review of Discovery Profiling of PIWI-Interacting RNAs and Their Diverse Functions in Metazoans

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Huang, Songqian, Yoshitake, Kazutoshi, Asakawa, Shuichi·2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences
DOI 10.3390/ijms222011166PMC PMC8538981
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Abstract

PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) that perform crucial biological functions in metazoans and defend against transposable elements (TEs) in germ lines. Recently, ubiquitously expressed piRNAs were discovered in soma and germ lines using small RNA sequencing (sRNA-seq) in humans and animals, providing new insights into the diverse functions of piRNAs. However, the role of piRNAs has not yet been fully elucidated, and sRNA-seq studies continue to reveal different piRNA activities in the genome. In this review, we summarize a set of simplified processes for piRNA analysis in order to provide a useful guide for researchers to perform piRNA research suitable for their study objectives. These processes can help expand the functional research on piRNAs from previously reported sRNA-seq results in metazoans. Ubiquitously expressed piRNAs have been discovered in the soma and germ lines in Annelida, Cnidaria, Echinodermata, Crustacea, Arthropoda, and Mollusca, but they are limited to germ lines in Chordata. The roles of piRNAs in TE silencing, gene expression regulation, epigenetic regulation, embryonic development, immune response, and associated diseases will continue to be discovered via sRNA-seq.

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  • piRNAs are part of the sncRNAs and are involved at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels.

    “First discovered in the Drosophila melanogaster germ line, piRNAs are part of the sncRNAs, which are involved at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels [66].”

    From Revisiting Epigenetics Fundamentals and Its Biomedical Implications (2024) · cites this paper as [66]

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Authors
Huang, S., Yoshitake, K., & Asakawa, S.
Affiliations
The University of Tokyo (JP)
Corresponding author
  • Huang, Songqian
  • Asakawa, Shuichi
ORCID
Venue
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2021-10-16
Volume
22
Issue
20
Pages
11166
ISSN
1422-0067 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/ijms222011166
PMC
PMC8538981
OpenAlex
W3206654505
Cited by
39
References
172
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 1
FWCI
0.70
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • International Journal of Molecular Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
  • Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JP24248034)
  • Research Fellowship of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Postdoctoral Fellowship for Overseas Researchers (P20395)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Chromosomal and Genetic Variations
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Cancer-related molecular mechanisms research
Keywords
piRNA, small RNA, transposon silencing, germline, soma, small RNA sequencing, gene expression regulation, epigenetic regulation, embryonic development, immune response, piRNA biogenesis, metazoans
MeSH terms
Animals, Carisoprodol, Disease, DNA Transposable Elements, Gene Expression Regulation, Germ Cells, Humans, Immunity, Sequence Analysis, RNA, RNA, Small Interfering, Epigenesis, Genetic

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