Chemiluminescence in Combination with Organic Photosensitizers: Beyond the Light Penetration Depth Limit of Photodynamic Therapy
Open accessAbstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising noninvasive medical technology that has been approved for the treatment of a variety of diseases, including bacterial and fungal infections, skin diseases, and several types of cancer. In recent decades, many photosensitizers have been developed and applied in PDT. However, PDT is still limited by light penetration depth, although many near-infrared photosensitizers have emerged. The chemiluminescence-mediated PDT (CL-PDT) system has recently received attention because it does not require an external light source to achieve targeted PDT. This review focuses on the rational design of organic CL-PDT systems. Specifically, PDT types, light wavelength, the chemiluminescence concept and principle, and the design of CL-PDT systems are introduced. Furthermore, chemiluminescent fraction examples, strategies for combining chemiluminescence with PDT, and current cellular and animal applications are highlighted. Finally, the current challenges and possible solutions to CL-PDT systems are discussed.
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AK is usually <300 μm deep.
“AK, for example, is usually <300 μm deep.115,116”
From Effect of skin color on optical properties and the implications for medical optical technologies: a review (2024) · cites this paper as [116]
Because light penetration is limited in the visible range, these drugs are used for the treatment of superficial skin diseases with therapeutic depths of <2 mm.
“Because light penetration is limited in the visible range, these drugs are used for the treatment of superficial skin diseases with therapeutic depths of <2 mm;”
From Effect of skin color on optical properties and the implications for medical optical technologies: a review (2024) · cites this paper as [116]
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References 67 · Cited by 61
- Authors
- Gao, J., Chen, Z., Li, X., Yang, M., Lv, J., Li, H., & Yuan, Z.
- Affiliations
- Zunyi Medical University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Gao, Jie
- Yuan, Zeli
- Venue
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2022-10-19
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 20
- Pages
- 12556
- ISSN
- 1422-0067 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9604449
- OpenAlex
- W4306839700
- Cited by
- 61
- References
- 67
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 1
- FWCI
- 1.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Natural Science Foundation of China (82060626, 81360471, KY[2018]024, [2020]4Y158, [2020]4104, ZK[2021], [2018]5772-053, [2018] 5772-030)
- Innovative Group Project of Guizhou Province of Education (82060626, 81360471, KY[2018]024, [2020]4Y158, [2020]4104, ZK[2021], [2018]5772-053, [2018] 5772-030)
- Guizhou Science and Technology Support Program (82060626, 81360471, KY[2018]024, [2020]4Y158, [2020]4104, ZK[2021], [2018]5772-053, [2018] 5772-030)
- Talents of Guizhou Science and Technology Cooperation Platform (82060626, 81360471, KY[2018]024, [2020]4Y158, [2020]4104, ZK[2021], [2018]5772-053, [2018] 5772-030)
- Guizhou Science and Technology Plan (82060626, 81360471, KY[2018]024, [2020]4Y158, [2020]4104, ZK[2021], [2018]5772-053, [2018] 5772-030)
- Zunyi Science and Technology Plan (82060626, 81360471, KY[2018]024, [2020]4Y158, [2020]4104, ZK[2021], [2018]5772-053, [2018] 5772-030)
- Platform talents of Qiankehe (82060626, 81360471, KY[2018]024, [2020]4Y158, [2020]4104, ZK[2021], [2018]5772-053, [2018] 5772-030)
- Zunyi Medical University (82060626, 81360471, KY[2018]024, [2020]4Y158, [2020]4104, ZK[2021], [2018]5772-053, [2018] 5772-030)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Photodynamic Therapy Research Studies
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Nanoplatforms for cancer theranostics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Luminescence and Fluorescent Materials
- Keywords
- chemiluminescence, photodynamic therapy, organic photosensitizers, light penetration depth, near-infrared photosensitizer, photosensitizer design, cancer therapy, bacterial and fungal infections, skin diseases
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Neoplasms, Photochemotherapy, Photosensitizing Agents, Luminescence
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