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Cited by 14biodegradable polymer synthesis and propertiesAdditive Manufacturing and 3D Printing TechnologiesNatural Fiber Reinforced Composites

Evaluation of the Properties of PHB Composite Filled with Kaolin Particles for 3D Printing Applications Using the Design of Experiment

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Menčík, Přemysl, Přikryl, Radek, Krobot, Štěpán, Melčová, Veronika, Kontárová, Soňa, Plavec, Roderik, Bočkaj, Jan, Horváth, Vojtech +1 more·2022·International Journal of Molecular Sciences
DOI 10.3390/ijms232214409PMC PMC9698972
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Abstract

In the presented work, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)-PHB-based composites for 3D printing as bio-sourced and biodegradable alternatives to synthetic plastics are characterized. The PHB matrix was modified by polylactide (PLA) and plasticized by tributyl citrate. Kaolin particles were used as a filler. The mathematical method “Design of Experiment” (DoE) was used to create a matrix of samples for further evaluation. Firstly, the optimal printing temperature of the first and upper layers was determined. Secondly, the 3D printed samples were tested with regards to the warping during the 3D printing. Testing specimens were prepared using the determined optimal printing conditions to measure the tensile properties, impact strength, and heat deflection temperature (HDT) of the samples. The results describe the effect of adding individual components (PHB, PLA, plasticizer, and filler) in the prepared composite sample on the resulting material properties. Two composite samples were prepared based on the theoretical results of DoE (one with the maximum printability and one with the maximum HDT) to compare them with the real data measured. The tests of these two composite samples showed 25% lower warping and 8.9% higher HDT than was expected by the theory.

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  • The miscibility of PLA and PHB depends on the molecular weight of PLA.

    “The miscibility of PLA and PHB (the most common type of PHAs) depends on the molecular weight of PLA.”

    From Resorbable Biomaterials Used for 3D Scaffolds in Tissue Engineering: A Review (2023) · cites this paper as [180]

    The Introduction says PHB is miscible with polylactic acid at different ratios and temperatures and describes PLA as compatible with PHB. It does not say that miscibility depends on PLA’s molecular weight; the paper’s experimental factors in Methods §3.8 include the PHB-to-PLA ratio, not molecular weight (searched: “molecular weight PLA miscibility”). (LLM, conf=0.85)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • While PHB and low molecular weight PLA are miscible, PHB and high molecular weight PLA are not.

    “While PHB and low molecular weight PLA are miscible, PHB and high molecular weight PLA are not [168,180].”

    From Resorbable Biomaterials Used for 3D Scaffolds in Tissue Engineering: A Review (2023) · cites this paper as [180]

    The Introduction states that PHB is miscible with polylactic acid at different ratios and temperatures. It does not distinguish low- from high-molecular-weight PLA or support the claim that PHB and high-molecular-weight PLA are not miscible (searched: low and high molecular weight, miscibility). (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Sorted by citations

Authors
Menčík, P., Přikryl, R., Krobot, Š., Melčová, V., Kontárová, S., Plavec, R., Bočkaj, J., Horváth, V., & Alexy, P.
Affiliations
  • Brno University of Technology (CZ)
  • Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava (SK)
  • Institute of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia
Corresponding author
Menčík, Přemysl
ORCID
Venue
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2022-11-19
Volume
23
Issue
22
Pages
14409
ISSN
1422-0067 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/ijms232214409
PMC
PMC9698972
OpenAlex
W4309738715
Cited by
14
References
1
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4
FWCI
0.80
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • International Journal of Molecular Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Brno University of Technology Digital Library (Brno University of Technology) (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
  • Brno University of Technology (FCH-S-20–6340, APVV-20-0193, ITMS2014 +: 313011V358)
  • Slovak Research and Development Agency (FCH-S-20–6340, APVV-20-0193, ITMS2014 +: 313011V358)
  • European Regional Development Fund (FCH-S-20–6340, APVV-20-0193, ITMS2014 +: 313011V358)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › biodegradable polymer synthesis and properties
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Automotive Engineering › Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies
  • Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites
Keywords
polyhydroxybutyrate, kaolin filler, 3D printing, polylactic acid, biodegradable plastics, warpage, tensile properties, impact strength, heat deflection temperature, experimental design
MeSH terms
Excipients, Hot Temperature, Kaolin, Polyesters, Printing, Three-Dimensional

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