Convolutional Neural Networks for Human Activity Recognition Using Body-Worn Sensors

Moya Rueda, Fernando, Grzeszick, René, Fink, Gernot A., Feldhorst, Sascha, Ten Hompel, Michael·2018·Informatics
DOI 10.3390/informatics5020026

Cited by (201)

Items 101–200 of 201

  1. Real-Time Sensor-Embedded Neural Network for Human Activity Recognition
    Ali Shakerian, Victor Douet, Amirhossein Shoaraye Nejati, Rene Jr. Landry · 2023 · Sensors
  2. Human Activity Recognition by Deep Convolution Neural Networks and Principal Component Analysis
    Amir A. Aljarrah, Ali H. Ali · 2021 · Intelligent systems reference library
  3. Performance Analysis of Inception-v2 and Yolov3-Based Human Activity Recognition in Videos
    Tanveer Mustafa, Sunita Dhavale, Madhav Kuber · 2020 · SN Computer Science
  4. Multi-Class Classification of Human Activity and Gait Events Using Heterogeneous Sensors
    Tasmiyah Javed, Ali Raza, Hafiz Farhan Maqbool, Saqib Zafar, Juri Taborri, Stefano Rossi · 2024 · Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks
  5. Benefits of Real-Time Monitoring and Process Mining in a Digitized Construction Supply Chain
    Arnim J. Spengler, Cyril Alias, E. G. C. Magallanes, Alexander Malkwitz · 2019 · Springer eBooks
  6. From Human Pose to On-Body Devices for Human-Activity Recognition
    Fernando Moya Rueda, Gernot A. Fink · 2021 · Proceedings - International Conference on Pattern Recognition/Proceedings/International Conference on Pattern Recognition
  7. Viewmaker Networks: Learning Views for Unsupervised Representation Learning
    Alex Tamkin, Mike Wu, Noah D. Goodman · 2021 · International Conference on Learning Representations
  8. Face Recognition Based Activity Detection for Security Application
    Harshada Badave, Madhav Kuber · 2021 · International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Smart Energy (ICAIS)
  9. Designing convolutional neural networks with constrained evolutionary piecemeal training
    Dolly Sapra, Andy D. Pimentel · 2021 · Applied Intelligence
  10. ALAE-TAE-CutMix+: Beyond the State-of-the-Art for Human Activity Recognition Using Wearable Sensors
    Nafees Ahmad, Ho-fung Leung · 2023 · IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications
  11. Multi-Channel Time-Series Person and Soft-Biometric Identification
    Nilah Ravi Nair, Fernando Moya Rueda, Christopher Reining, Gernot A. Fink · 2023 · Lecture notes in computer science
  12. A Convolutional Neural Network based model for daily motor activities recognition: A contribution for Parkinson's Disease
    Helena R. Gonçalves, Luís M. Martins, Nuno Ferrete Ribeiro, Luís Abreu, Ana Margarida Rodrigues, Cristina P. Santos · 2025 · Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence
  13. Multilabel Classification of Nursing Activities in a Realistic Scenario
    Farina Faiz, Yoshinori Ideno, Hiromichi Iwasaki, Yoko Muroi, Sozo Inoue · 2020 · Smart innovation, systems and technologies
  14. HActivityNet: A Deep Convolutional Neural Network for Human Activity Recognition
    Md. Khaliluzzaman, Md. Abu Bakar Siddiq Sayem, Lutful KaderMisbah · 2021 · EMITTER International Journal of Engineering Technology
  15. Generalized Few-Shot Learning For Wearable Sensor-based Human Activity Recognition
    Lahiru Nuwan Wijayasingha, John A. Stankovic · 2022 · IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops (PerCom Workshops)
  16. Activity classification using unsupervised domain transfer from body worn sensors
    Chaitra Hegde, Gezheng Wen, Layne C. Price · 2023 · Smart Health
  17. Features gradient-based signals selection algorithm of linear complexity for convolutional neural networks
    Yuto Omae, Yusuke Sakai, Hirotaka Takahashi · 2023 · AIMS Mathematics
  18. ConvLSTM for Human Activity Recognition
    Ramendra Singla, Shubham Mittal, Alok Jain, Deepak Kumar Gupta · 2021 · Advances in intelligent systems and computing
  19. Inertial Measurement Unit based Human Action Recognition Dataset for Cyclic Overhead Car Assembly and Disassembly
    Jan Kuschan, Hristo Filaretov, Jörg Krüger · 2022 · IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN)
  20. Human Activity Recognition Using Ensemble of CNN-Based Transfer Learning Models
    Miskatul Jannat, Rezwana Karim, Navia Zafrin Islam, Abu Nowshed Chy, Abdul Kadar Muhammad Masum · 2023 · IEEE International Conference on Computing (ICOCO)
  21. Intelligent Sports Weights
    Olga dos Santos Duarte, Olga Duarte, Gustavo Jacinto, Mário Véstias · 2025 · Sensors
  22. Assistive Trajectory Planning for Lower Limb Exoskeletons: Strategies From Laboratory-Optimized Gait to Environmentally-Adaptive Locomotion Through Multimodal Parameter Awareness
    Qihan Ye, Xingbang Yang, Ruoqi Zhao, Yuanlong Ji, Xinyuan Cai, Quan Shui Zheng, Yubo Fan · 2025 · IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering
  23. ECG-based Daily Activity Recognition Using 1D Convolutional Neural Networks
    Suyeon Yun, Sunghan Lee, GyeongBong Kim, Sung Pil Cho, Semin Ryu, In Cheol Jeong · 2024 · Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)
  24. DNN-based Human Activity Recognition by Learning Initial Motion Data for Virtual Multi-Sports
    Jong Sung Kim · 2021 · International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology
  25. Human activity detection using smartphone sensor data in real-time based on deep learning approaches
    Sourav Bera, Abhilash Pati, Manoranjan Parhi · 2023 · AIP conference proceedings
  26. Action Recognition Using Local Visual Descriptors and Inertial Data
    Taha Alhersh, Samir Brahim Belhouari, Heiner Stuckenschmidt · 2019 · Lecture notes in computer science
  27. SemImput: Bridging Semantic Imputation with Deep Learning for Complex Human Activity Recognition
    Muhammad Asif Razzaq, Ian Cleland, Chris Nugent, Sungyoung Lee · 2020 · Sensors
  28. Data Fusion for Deep Learning on Transport Mode Detection: A Case Study
    Hugues Moreau, Andréa Vassilev, Liming Chen · 2021 · Proceedings of the international neural networks society
  29. Video-based Pose-Estimation Data as Source for Transfer Learning in Human Activity Recognition
    Shrutarv Awasthi, Fernando Moya Rueda, Gernot A. Fink · 2022 · Proceedings - International Conference on Pattern Recognition/Proceedings/International Conference on Pattern Recognition
  30. Self-Supervised Learning for Complex Activity Recognition Through Motif Identification Learning
    Qingxin Xia, Jaime Morales, Yongzhi Huang, Takahiro Hara, Kaishun Wu, Hirotomo Oshima, Masamitsu Fukuda, Yasuo Namioka, Takuya Maekawa · 2024 · IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
  31. Evaluation of the classification of medical and laboratory services using a python algorithm and physical statistically
    Muna R. Harbi, Loay Edwar George · 2024 · AIP conference proceedings
  32. Determining the Level of Threat in Maritime Navigation Based on the Detection of Small Floating Objects with Deep Neural Networks
    M. Łącki · 2024 · Sensors
  33. Representation Biases in Time-Series Human Activity Recognition with Small Sample Sizes
    Nilah Ravi Nair, Lena Schmid, Christopher Reining, Fernando Moya Rueda, Markus Pauly, Gernot A. Fink · 2024 · Lecture notes in computer science
  34. Continuous Human Activity Recognition in Logistics from Inertial Sensor Data using Temporal Convolutions in CNN
    Abbas Shah Syed, Zafi Sherhan Syed, Areez Khalil · 2020 · International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications
  35. Performance Analysis of Deep Learning based Human Activity Recognition Methods
    Mst. Farzana Aktter, Md. Anwar Hossain, Sohag Sarker, AFM Zainul Abadin, Mirza AFM Rashidul Hasan · 2022 · Journal of Applied Science & Process Engineering
  36. Performance Analysis of Hybrid Deep Learning Approach for Human Actions Recognition
    Diana Nagpal, Rajiv Kumar · 2022 · Lecture notes in networks and systems
  37. CNN-Based Intention Recognition Using Body-Worn Inertial Measurement Units
    Flakë Bajraktari, Nikolas Roβkopf, Peter Paul Pott · 2023 · Proceedings - IEEE Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems
  38. Anonymisation for Time-Series Human Activity Data
    Tim Hallyburton, Nilah Ravi Nair, Fernando Moya Rueda, René Grzeszick, Gernot A. Fink · 2024 · Lecture notes in computer science
  39. Proceedings of the 22nd Engineering Applications of Neural Networks Conference
    Symeonidis Charalampos, Paraskevi Nousi, Pavlos Tosidis, Konstantinos Tsampazis, Nikolaos Passalis, Anastasios Tefas, Nikos Nikolaidis · 2021 · Proceedings of the international neural networks society
  40. Merging-Squeeze-Excitation Feature Fusion for Human Activity Recognition Using Wearable Sensors
    Seksan Laitrakun · 2023 · Applied Sciences
  41. Comparative Analysis of Artificial Hydrocarbon Networks versus Convolutional Neural Networks in Human Activity Recognition
    Hiram Ponce-Espinosa, Lourdes Martínez-Villaseñor · 2020 · International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)
  42. Inertial Measurement Unit based Human Action Recognition for Soft-Robotic Exoskeleton
    Jan Kuschan, Moritz Burgdorff, Hristo Filaretov, Jörg Krüger · 2021 · IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering
  43. Recognizing Human Activities and Earthquake Vibration from Smartphone Accelerometers using LSTM Algorithm
    Budiarianto Suryo Kusumo, Ana Heryana, Ekasari Nugraheni, Andri Fachrur Rozie, Bambang Setiadi · 2018 · International Conference on Computer, Control, Informatics and its Applications
  44. Difficulty Classification of Mountainbike Downhill Trails Utilizing Deep Neural Networks
    Stefan Langer, Robert Müller, Kyrill Schmid, Claudia Linnhoff–Popien · 2020 · Communications in computer and information science
  45. Time Series Classification Based on Supervised Contrastive Learning and Homoscedastic Uncertainty
    Tao Zhang, Ke Li, Shaofan Wang · 2025 · IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems
  46. Sensing the Action: Rethinking Sensor Modalities and Multi-Modal Fusion in Vision–Language–Action Models for Robotic Manipulation
    Byoung Chul Ko · 2026 · Sensors
  47. Lernverfahren der Künstlichen Intelligenz zur Inwertsetzung von Daten: Automatisierte Erkennung und Prognose
    Katja Ickstadt, Markus Pauly, Marco Motta, Swetlana Herbrandt, Nikolas Ulrich Moroff, Friedrich Niemann, Michael Henke, Michael ten Hompel · 2022 · Springer eBooks
  48. Comparative Evaluation of Human Action Recognition using Deep Learning Architectures
    Ujjwal Deep, Sushant Kumar, Kanika Singla · 2024 · International Conference on Reliability, Infocom Technologies and Optimization (Trends and Future Directions) (ICRITO)
  49. One-D Convolution Neural Network Models for Human Activity Recognition using mHealth Datasets
    K M Yogesh, S. Arpitha, Ibrahim Gad · 2023 · International Conference on Frontiers of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning (FAIML)
  50. A Comprehensive Review of Deep Learning for Activity Recognition
    Dipanwita Thakur, Giancarlo Fortino · 2024 · Internet of things
  51. Fusion of Signal-Based Multichannel CNN-LSTM Models for Human Activity Recognition using Wearable Sensors
    Darshil Bagadia, Thitiphoom Teptit, Punthita Dabthong, Seksan Laitrakun · 2021 · International Computer Science and Engineering Conference
  52. DNN-based Human Activity Recognition by Learning Initial Motion Data for Virtual Multi-Sports
    Jong Sung Kim · 2022 · International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology
  53. Collate: Collaborative Neural Network Learning for Latency-Critical Edge Systems
    Shuo Huai, Di Liu, Hao Kong, Xiangzhong Luo, Weichen Liu, Ravi Subramaniam, Christian Makaya, Qian Lin · 2022 · IEEE International Conference on Computer Design: VLSI in Computers and Processors (ICCD)
  54. A Deep Learning Framework for Single-Person Activity Recognition in Multi-Person Indoor Environments
    Manoj Kumar Sain, Joyeeta Singha, Sandeep Saini · 2024 · IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Computing and Communication Technologies (CONECCT)
  55. DCLA: Towards Distributed Cooperative Learning Analytics for Developing Communities
    Shin’ichi Konomi, Lulu Gao, Doreen Mushi, Baofeng Ren · 2024 · Lecture notes in computer science
  56. DaRA Dataset: Combining Wearable Sensors, Location Tracking, and Process Knowledge for Enhanced Human Activity and Human Context Recognition in Warehousing
    Friedrich Niemann, Fernando Moya Rueda, Moh’d Khier Al Kfari, Nilah Ravi Nair, Dustin Schauten, Veronika Kretschmer, Stefan Lüdtke, Alice Kirchheim · 2026 · Sensors
  57. FPGA-Based Weighted DTW Framework with Hybrid Gait Symmetry Index for Real-Time Wearable Gait Classification
    Kishore Vennela, Bukya Balaji, Mangali Chinna Chinnaiah, Siew-Kei Lam, Narambhatla Janardhan, Penmetsa Subramanyam Raju, Dodde Hari Krishna, Gaddam Divya Vani, Mudasar Basha · 2026 · Sensors
  58. Domain Human Recognition Techniques using Deep Learning
    Seshaiah Merikapudi, Murthy SVN, Manjunatha S A, Ridhima Gandhi · 2022 · International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications
  59. Low-Cost Sensor-based Error Detection System for Coffee Preparation: A Demonstration
    Florian Wagner, Teodor Stoev, Kristina Yordanova · 2025 · IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops (PerCom Workshops)
  60. Sensor Input Type and Location Influence Outdoor Running Terrain Classification via Deep Learning Approaches
    Gabrielle Thibault, Philippe C. Dixon, David J. Pearsall · 2025 · Sensors
  61. Retrieval-Based Annotation for Multi-Channel Time Series Data of Human Activities
    Fernando Moya Rueda, Nilah Ravi Nair, Raphael Spiekermann, Erik Altermann, Philipp Oberdiek, Christopher Reining, Gernot A. Fink · 2025 · Communications in computer and information science
  62. Hybrid CNN–BiLSTM–GRU architecture for PAMAP2-based human activity recognition in patient monitoring
    Subrata Kumer Paul, Rakhi Rani Paul, Dewan Nafiul Islam Noor, Md. Ekramul Hamid, Mirza A. F. M. Rashidul Hasan · 2026 · Computer Science and Engineering Research
  63. RDG-Three-Branch Network With GAF-Based 1-D-to-2-D Image Transformation for Pedestrian Scene Recognition
    J L Wang, Yue Mei, Ming Yi Xia, Chuang Shi · 2026 · IEEE Sensors Journal
  64. Effizienz- und Ergonomieanalysen mittels Sensoren und künstlicher Intelligenz in Theorie und Praxis
    Malcolm Anthony Harris · 2020 · Springer eBooks
  65. Retrieval-based Annotation of Multi-channel Time-Series Data for HAR
    Erik Altermann, Fernando Moya Rueda, Eugen Rusakov, Gernot A. Fink · 2022 · IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops (PerCom Workshops)
  66. MGA-Net+: Acceleration-based packaging work recognition using motif-guided attention networks
    Jaime Morales, Naoya Yoshimura, Qingxin Xia, Atsushi Wada, Yasuo Namioka, Takuya Maekawa · 2022 · Pervasive and Mobile Computing
  67. Human Activity Recognition with Ensemble Learning
    Hatice Vildan Düdükçü, Murat Taşkıran, Zehra Gülru Çam Taşkıran, Nihan Kahraman · 2024 · International Conference on Digital Signal Processing and its Applications (DSPA)
  68. Inertial measurement unit based human action recognition for soft-robotic exoskeletons
    Jan Kuschan, Moritz Burgdorff, Hristo Filaretov, Jörg Krüger · 2021 · Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences
  69. Machine learning-based techniques for indoor localization and human activity recognition through wearable devices
    Emilio Sansano‐Sansano · 2020
  70. Contributions to Human Motion Modeling and Recognition using Non-intrusive Wearable Sensors
    Manuel Martín · 2022
  71. Human Activity Recognition Using Deep Neural Networks
    Lokesh Lodha · 2024 · SSRN Electronic Journal
  72. Fall Recognition System to Determine the Point of No Return in Real-Time
    Bae Sun Kim, Yong Ki Son, Jun-Young Jung, Dong-Woo Lee, Hyung Cheol Shin · 2021 · Applied Sciences
  73. Predictive Analytics for Improving Physician Insights in Health Informatics
    S. Mythili, K. Nithya, M. Kalamani, M. Krishnamoorthi · 2021 · International Conference on Smart Technologies, Communication and Robotics (STCR)
  74. Encoding Physical Conditioning from Inertial Sensors for Multi-step Heart Rate Estimation
    Davi Pedrosa de Aguiar, Fabrício Murai · 2021 · Lecture notes in computer science
  75. Improving the Performance of Closet-Set Classification in Human Activity Recognition by Applying a Residual Neural Network Architecture
    Daniel Rodriguez Gonzalez, Yanzhen Qu · 2022 · European Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
  76. An Intrinsic Human Physical Activity Recognition from Fused Motion Sensor Data using Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Neural Network in Healthcare
    Okeke Stephen, Samaneh Madanian, Minh Nguyen · 2022 · International Conference on e-Business
  77. Intelligent Recognition Algorithm for Network Public Opinion Based on Deep Learning
    Yingce Guo · 2023 · International Conference on Data Science and Network Security (ICDSNS)
  78. Enabling efficient edge intelligence: a hardware-software codesign approach
    Shuo Huai · 2023
  79. HierAct: a Hierarchical Model for Human Activity Recognition in Game-Like Educational Applications
    Nur Keleşoğlu, Katarzyna Filus, Joanna Domańska · 2023 · IEEE International Conference on Big Data (BigData)
  80. Hand Gestures Recognition Using a WearOS Smart Watch and Deep Learning
    Mihai Fleșer, Teodor Ştefănuţ · 2023 · RoCHI - International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (RoCHI)
  81. Space Invariant Artificial Neural Network based Prediction of human activity of Knee joints
    Mohammed Ayad Alkhafaji, Ragheed Hussam, Noor Hanoon Haroon, Aya Hasan Abdulqader Othman, Maryam .Ghassan Majeed · 2023 · Annual International Conference on Emerging Research Areas and International Conference on Microelectronics, Communications and Renewable Energy
  82. Sensor-Based Analysis of Manual Processes in Production and Logistics: Motion-Mining versus Lean Tools
    Hendrik Appelhans, Carsten Feldmann, Christopher Borgmann · 2024 · Lecture notes in logistics
  83. Performance Evaluation of Open-Set Classification in Human Activity Recognition via a Residual Neural Network Architecture
    Daniel Rodriguez Gonzalez, Yanzhen Qu · 2023 · Congress in Computer Science, Computer Engineering, and Applied Computing (CSCE)
  84. F-norm based low-power motion recognition on wearable devices in the presence of outlier motions
    Yin Long, Hongbin Xu, Yang Xiang · 2024 · Digital Communications and Networks
  85. Augmentation of Human Activity Data: Convert, Generate, Transform
    Nilah Ravi Nair, Arthur Matei, Dennis Krön, Fernando Moya Rueda, Christopher Reining, Gernot A. Fink · 2024 · Lecture notes in computer science
  86. Unsupervised Work Behavior Pattern Extraction Based on Hierarchical Probabilistic Model
    I. Saito, T. Nakamura, T. Hatta, Wataru Fujita, Shintaro Watanabe, Shotaro Miwa · 2025 · IEEJ Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Engineering
  87. A deep learning pipeline for detecting vestibular schwannoma patients with unilateral vestibular loss based on kinematic data
    Lou C. Kohler Voinov, Sergio Sánchez‐Manso, Raabeae Aryan, Jennifer L. Millar, Michael C. Schubert, Kathleen E. Cullen · 2025 · Scientific Reports
  88. Combination of Triangle and Statistical Features for Meta-ensemble Modeling Using a Single Accelerometer to Enhance Human Activity Recognition
    Made Liandana, Dandy Pramana Hostiadi, I Komang Agus Ady Aryanto, Surachart Chantarachit, Gede Angga Pradipta · 2025 · International journal of intelligent engineering and systems
  89. GCGConv: Enhancing Human Activity Recognition with Global Context Graph Convolutions
    Quan Yuan, Priyanka Verma · 2025 · IEEE International Conference on e-Health Networking, Applications and Services (Healthcom)
  90. Efficient Deep Learning Network for Device Orientation-independent Human Activity Recognition Based on Gyroscope Smartphone Data
    Sakorn Mekruksavanich, Anuchit Jitpattanakul · 2025 · IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering and Service Science (ICSESS)
  91. Contribution à la reconnaissance d'activités à partir d'un objet connecté
    Romain Auber · 2019 · theses.fr (ABES)
  92. Real-Life Human Activity Recognition Based on Accelerometer Data From Smartphone Sensors Using CNN-BiGRU Model
    Sakorn Mekruksavanich, Yongliang Fan, Narit Hnoohom, Anuchit Jitpattanakul · 2026 · Joint International Conference on Digital Arts, Media and Technology with ECTI Northern Section Conference on Electrical, Electronics, Computer and Telecommunications Engineering (ECTI DAMT & NCON)
  93. Enhancing Sport Activity Recognition Based on Wearable Sensors Using Hybrid Deep Neural Networks
    Sakorn Mekruksavanich, Narit Hnoohom, Anuchit Jitpattanakul · 2026 · Joint International Conference on Digital Arts, Media and Technology with ECTI Northern Section Conference on Electrical, Electronics, Computer and Telecommunications Engineering (ECTI DAMT & NCON)
  94. Deep learning for spatio-temporal multidimensional signals : an application to transport mode detection
    Hugues Moreau · 2021
  95. Multimodal healthcare system for human activity recognition using multiple features and advanced ensemble classifier
    Fakhra Nazar, Yanfeng Wu, Hanan Aljuaid, Ahmad Jalal, Hui Liu · 2026 · Digital Health
  96. Deep Learning Models for Classification of Physical Activity Using the Chest-Wearable Respeck Respiratory Monitor and Impact of Dynamic Activity on Respiratory Rate Recovery in COPD
    D. K. Arvind, Passara Chanchotisatien · 2026 · Communications in computer and information science
  97. KITCHAT: Kitchen Inference and Tracking Using Clue-Based Home Assistive Talk
    Teodor Stoev, Mostafa Razavi Ghods, Stefan Kemnitz, Kristina Yordanova · 2026 · IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops (PerCom Workshops)
  98. Anxiety-Focused Classification Using Smartphone-Based Gait Analysis and Deep Learning Models
    Minchan Kang, Gou-Sung Degbey, Hyunhwa Lee, Jonghyuk Kim, Sungchul Lee, Hoon Ko, Jinyoung Park · 2026 · Journal of Computer Science
  99. Effective Sensor Position and Fusion Approaches for Nursing Activity Analysis
    Fenja Tjalda Hesselmann, Vanessa Cobus, Frauke Koppelin, Alexander Pauls, Christine Scheve, Frank Wallhoff · 2026 · Communications in computer and information science
  100. Classification of Artificial Turf Stiffness Using Heel-Mounted Inertial Sensors and Pressure-Sensing Insoles
    Jake Ruschkowski, Danielle E. Whittier, William Brent Edwards, John William Wannop · 2026 · IEEE Sensors Journal