Experimental Insight into the Containment of Plastic Waste in Cement-Stabilised Soil as a Road Pavement Layer Material
Open accessAbstract
Plastic waste (PW) constitutes a nuisance to our environment despite several efforts to reduce, reuse and recycle it. This study experimentally explores the possibility of storing plastic waste within a cement-stabilised soil that can be used as a road pavement layer material without adversely affecting the geotechnical characteristics of the stabilised soil. The soil is an A-2-6 soil, according to classification by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). Compaction characteristics, the California bearing ratio (CBR) and the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of soil with 10% cement were determined for the 0, 2, 5, 10 and 15% addition of PW. The cementing of soil particles, which played a vital role in enhancing its strength on the addition of cement, may have been activated by the pozzolanic reaction between cement and soil particles. However, the addition of PW to this cement-stabilised mix led to a decrease in strength parameters at all variations. The soil with 10% cement and 2% PW yielded higher strength when compared to other mix ratios with PW and is suitable for use as a layer material in road pavement construction. As a sustainable strategy for PW management in developing nations, the usage of PW in cement-stabilised soil layer is recommended.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Addition of plastic waste to cement-stabilized mixture reduced the strength characteristics of the mixture.
“However, the addition of plastic waste to the cement-stabilized mixture reduced the strength characteristics of the mixture.”
From Transforming Plastic Waste into Value: A Review of Management Strategies and Innovative Applications in Sustainable Construction (2025) · cites this paper as [103]
Section 3.3 (page unavailable) says the 2% plastic-waste mix had the best strength among the mixes containing plastic waste, supporting a decline at higher plastic contents. It does not establish that adding plastic waste reduced strength relative to the cement-stabilised mixture with no plastic; the same passage says the 2% mix did not adversely affect its geotechnical characteristics. (LLM, conf=0.73)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
The citation lists haven’t been fetched yet
References 104 · Cited by 5
Research works printed but not linked: 11
- Darshan, R.; Gururaja, S. Design and fabrication of crusher machine for plastic wastes. Int. J. Mech. Product. Eng. 2017, 5, 55-58.
- Sonone, P.; Devalkar, R. Green sustainable bricks made of fly ash and discarded polyethylene waste. Int. J. Innov. Res. Sci. Eng. Technol. 2017, 6, 6509-6516.
- Abdel Tawab, O.F.; Amin, M.R.; Ibrahim, M.M.; Abdel Wahab, M.; Abd El Rahman, E.N. Recycling waste plastic bags as a replacement for cement in production of building bricks and concrete blocks. J. Waste Resour. Recycl. 2020, 1, 1-13.
- Behera, D. Experimental investigation on recycling of plastic wastes and broken glass in to construction material. Int. J. Creat. Res. Thoughts 2018, 6, 1659-1667.
- Sukhmanjit, R. A review study on the soil stablization with cement and lime. Int. J. Lat. Res. Eng. Comput. 2017, 5, 33-37.
- Das, S.; Barua, A.; Chakraborty, S. Soil stabilization using cement as binder and nylon thread as reinforcement. Proc. Int. Conf. Plan. Archit. Civ. Eng. 2019, 2019, 1-5.
- Ogirigbo, O.R.; Imafidon, D.; Ehiorobo, J.O. Chemical Stabilization of Deltaic Lateritic Soil Using Cement and Superplasticizer. NIPES J. Sci. Technol. Res. 2021, 3, 144-152.
- Ahmadzai, M.; Sharma, A. Soil Stabilization with Brick Kiln Dust and Waste Fiber. Int. J. Innov. Res. Adv. Stud. 2019, 6, 31-35.
- Gowthami, D.; Sumathi, R. Expansive Soil Stabilization Using Plastic Fiber Waste Polypropylene. Int. J. Lat. Res. Eng. Technol. 2017, 3, 24-30.
- Rajesh, P.; Kalra, S.; Ramakrishna, G.; Naik, J.S.; Sankar, K.G. An Experimental Study on Soil Properties by Inducing Plastic Strips. Int. J. Mod. Trends Sci. Technol. 2021, 7, 131-137.
- Roy, A. Soil Stabilization using Rice Husk Ash and Cement. Int. J. Civ. Eng. Res. 2014, 5, 49-54.
- Authors
- Akinwumi, I., Soladoye, O., Ajayi, V., & Epelle, P.
- Affiliations
- Covenant University (NG)
- Corresponding author
- Ajayi, Victor
- Venue
- Infrastructures
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2022-12-16
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 172
- ISSN
- 2412-3811 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4313292924
- Cited by
- 5
- References
- 104
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2023: 2
- FWCI
- 0.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Infrastructures (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Covenant University Repository (Covenant University) (acceptedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Covenant University
- Covenant University Centre for Research, Innovation and Discovery
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Civil and Structural Engineering › Geotechnical Engineering and Soil Stabilization
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Civil and Structural Engineering › Geotechnical and construction materials studies
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Materials Engineering and Processing
- Keywords
- plastic waste, road pavement base layers, waste recycling, pozzolanic reaction, California bearing ratio, unconfined compressive strength, compaction characteristics, sustainable pavement materials
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
