Sexual Dimorphism of NAFLD in Adults. Focus on Clinical Aspects and Implications for Practice and Translational Research
Open accessAbstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) embraces the clinico-pathological consequences of hepatic lipotoxicity and is a major public health problem globally. Sexual dimorphism is a definite feature of most human diseases but, under this aspect, NAFLD lags behind other medical fields. Here, we aim at summarizing and critically discussing the most prominent sex differences and gaps in NAFLD in humans, with emphasis on those aspects which are relevant for clinical practice and translational research. Sexual dimorphism of NAFLD is covered with references to the following areas: disease prevalence and risk factors, pathophysiology, comorbidities, natural course and complications. Finally, we also discuss selected gender differences and whether sex-specific lifestyle changes should be adopted to contrast NAFLD in men and women.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Assessment of MASH components may be flawed by inter-reader variability.
“Of note, although also MASH resolution correlates with fibrosis regression, especially assessment of MASH components may be flawed by inter-reader variability [239].”
From Obesity and MASLD: Is weight loss the (only) key to treat metabolic liver disease? (2024) · cites this paper as [239]
Section 2.2 discusses histological diagnosis and staging in NAFLD, but does not address disagreement between readers assessing MASH components. Searches for inter-reader and interobserver variability, pathologist agreement, and reproducibility found no passage supporting the attributed point. (LLM, conf=0.75)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredMASH resolution correlates with fibrosis regression.
“Of note, although also MASH resolution correlates with fibrosis regression, especially assessment of MASH components may be flawed by inter-reader variability [239].”
From Obesity and MASLD: Is weight loss the (only) key to treat metabolic liver disease? (2024) · cites this paper as [239]
The Epidemiology section (2.2; page unavailable) discusses NASH and fibrosis severity, and the Insulin Resistance section (3.3; page unavailable) discusses fibrotic progression. Neither addresses whether MASH/NASH resolution correlates with fibrosis regression. Searches for both “NASH resolution fibrosis regression” and “resolution regression fibrosis histological improvement” found no passage making that point. (LLM, conf=0.74)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
The citation lists haven’t been fetched yet
References 182 · Cited by 129
- Authors
- Lonardo, A., & Suzuki, A.
- Affiliations
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena (IT)
- Duke Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Lonardo, Amedeo
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Medicine
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2020-04-28
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1278
- ISSN
- 2077-0383 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7288212
- OpenAlex
- W3023490585
- Cited by
- 129
- References
- 182
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 2
- FWCI
- 3.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- dx.doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver Diseases and Immunity
- Keywords
- non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, sexual dimorphism, sex differences, hepatic lipotoxicity, disease prevalence, risk factors, pathophysiology, comorbidities, disease complications, women's health
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
