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Cited by 22Concrete and Cement Materials ResearchConcrete Corrosion and DurabilityConcrete Properties and Behavior

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 39 of the 39 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Chloride Diffusion in Concrete Made with Coal Fly Ash Ternary and Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag Portland Cements

Open access
Sanjuán, Miguel Ángel, Rivera, Rosa Abnelia, Martín, Domingo Alfonso, Estévez, Esteban·2022·Materials
DOI 10.3390/ma15248914PMC PMC9783838
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Abstract

Ternary Portland cement usage with a high amount of cement constituents different from clinker can afford great climate change advantages by lowering the Portland cement clinker content in the final product. This will contribute to cutting greenhouse gas emissions to close to zero by 2050. Such ternary Portland cements can be composed of different amounts of ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GBFS), coal fly ash (CFA), and clinker (K). Cements made with GGBFS, or CFA boast pozzolanic characteristics. Therefore, they would improve both the concrete compressive strength at later ages and durability. The 28- and 90-days mechanical strength test, non-steady state chloride migration test, described in NT BUILD 492, and natural chloride diffusion test (NT BUILD 443) were performed in concrete. Ternary cements made with GBFS and/or CFA presented better chloride diffusion resistance than concrete made with plain Portland cements. Furthermore, the development of compressive strength was delayed. The service life study was developed for concretes made with ternary cements with regard to the chloride penetration case.

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Crossref · 10.3390/ma15248914

Cites

39 of 39 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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Figures

Figure 1 Chloride penetration methods: (a) NT BUILD 443 standard; (b) rapid chloride migration (RCM) test according to NT BUILD 492 standard.
Figure 1 Chloride penetration methods: (a) NT BUILD 443 standard; (b) rapid chloride migration (RCM) test according to NT BUILD 492 standard.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 2 Accelerated Chloride Penetration Tests: (a) Schematic illustration of rapid chloride migration (RCM) experimental setup defined in the NT BUILD 492 standard; (b) Schematic illustration of Rapid Chloride Penetration Test (RCPT) according to ASTM C 1202 standard.
Figure 2 Accelerated Chloride Penetration Tests: (a) Schematic illustration of rapid chloride migration (RCM) experimental setup defined in the NT BUILD 492 standard; (b) Schematic illustration of Rapid Chloride Penetration Test (RCPT) according to ASTM C 1202 standard.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 3 A-Concrete and B-Concrete compressive strength (MPa): (a) at 28-days; (b) at 90-days.
Figure 3 A-Concrete and B-Concrete compressive strength (MPa): (a) at 28-days; (b) at 90-days.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 4 28-days versus 90-days compressive strength (MPa) relationship.
Figure 4 28-days versus 90-days compressive strength (MPa) relationship.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 5 Chloride diffusion coefficient (Deff × 10−12 m2/s) determined after 90 days of testing time.
Figure 5 Chloride diffusion coefficient (Deff × 10−12 m2/s) determined after 90 days of testing time.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 6 Specimens split for chloride penetration depth measurement after 96 h at 60 V.
Figure 6 Specimens split for chloride penetration depth measurement after 96 h at 60 V.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 7 Non-steady-state migration coefficient (Dnssm ×10−12 m2/s) determined according to the NT BUILD 492 standard.
Figure 7 Non-steady-state migration coefficient (Dnssm ×10−12 m2/s) determined according to the NT BUILD 492 standard.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 8 Chloride diffusion coefficient versus migration coefficient of concretes made with ternary cements: (a) A-Concrete; (b) B-Concrete.
Figure 8 Chloride diffusion coefficient versus migration coefficient of concretes made with ternary cements: (a) A-Concrete; (b) B-Concrete.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 9 Minimum cover to ensure 50 years of service life of reinforced concrete structures by using concretes made with ternary cements (X, mm).
Figure 9 Minimum cover to ensure 50 years of service life of reinforced concrete structures by using concretes made with ternary cements (X, mm).CC BY · PubMed Central

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Cites

Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. Page, 1996, Local repair measures at concrete structures damaged by reinforcement corrosion—Aspects of durability, Corrosion of Reinforcement in Concrete Construction, Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium, Cambridge, UK, 1–4 July 1996, Volume 1, 448

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Metadata

Authors
Sanjuán, M. Á., Rivera, R. A., Martín, D. A., & Estévez, E.
Affiliations
Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (ES)
Corresponding author
Sanjuán, Miguel Ángel
ORCID
Venue
Materials
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2022-12-13
Volume
15
Issue
24
Pages
8914
ISSN
1996-1944 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/ma15248914
PMC
PMC9783838
OpenAlex
W4311379024
Cited by
22
References
39
Citations by year
2026: 8 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 7
FWCI
1.57
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Materials (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
  • Fundación Gómez Pardo
  • LOEMCO, a Research Centre of the Technical University of Madrid
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Civil and Structural Engineering › Concrete and Cement Materials Research
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Civil and Structural Engineering › Concrete Corrosion and Durability
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Civil and Structural Engineering › Concrete Properties and Behavior
Keywords
chloride diffusion, concrete durability, coal fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag, clinker reduction, compressive strength development, chloride migration, service life prediction, pozzolanic cement, greenhouse gas emissions reduction

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