Cited by 73Chaos-based Image/Signal EncryptionComputer Science and EngineeringAdvanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques

Dual-Domain Image Encryption in Unsecure Medium—A Secure Communication Perspective

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Mahalingam, Hemalatha, Veeramalai, Thanikaiselvan, Menon, Anirudh Rajiv, S., Subashanthini, Amirtharajan, Rengarajan·2023·Mathematics

Abstract

With the growing demand for digitalization, multimedia data transmission through wireless networks has become more prominent. These multimedia data include text, images, audio, and video. Therefore, a secure method is needed to modify them so that such images, even if intercepted, will not be interpreted accurately. Such encryption is proposed with a two-layer image encryption scheme involving bit-level encryption in the time-frequency domain. The top layer consists of a bit of plane slicing the image, and each plane is then scrambled using a chaotic map and encrypted with a key generated from the same chaotic map. Next, image segmentation, followed by a Lifting Wavelet Transform, is used to scramble and encrypt each segment’s low-frequency components. Then, a chaotic hybrid map is used to scramble and encrypt the final layer. Multiple analyses were performed on the algorithm, and this proposed work achieved a maximum entropy of 7.99 and near zero correlation, evidencing the resistance towards statistical attacks. Further, the keyspace of the cryptosystem is greater than 2128, which can effectively resist a brute force attack. In addition, this algorithm requires only 2.1743 s to perform the encryption of a 256 × 256 sized 8-bit image on a host system with a Windows 10 operating system of 64-bit Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-7200U CPU at 2.5 GHz with 8 GB RAM.

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Authors
Mahalingam, H., Veeramalai, T., Menon, A. R., S., S., & Amirtharajan, R.
Affiliations
  • King Abdulaziz University (SA)
  • School of Electronics Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
  • Vellore Institute of Technology University (IN)
  • School of Information Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
  • SASTRA University (IN)
Corresponding author
Amirtharajan, Rengarajan
Venue
Mathematics
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2023-01-15
Volume
11
Issue
2
Pages
457
ISSN
2227-7390 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W4316467346
Cited by
73
References
2
Citations by year
2026: 14 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 1
FWCI
6.54
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Mathematics (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
Ministry of Education and King Abdulaziz University, DSR, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (IFPIP-1113-144-1443)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Computer Science and Engineering
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
Keywords
image encryption, chaotic maps, bit plane slicing, chaotic scrambling, lifting wavelet transform, image segmentation, key generation, statistical attack resistance, brute-force attack resistance, wireless multimedia transmission, secure communication

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