Role of Mitochondria in Regulating Lutein and Chlorophyll Biosynthesis in Chlorella pyrenoidosa under Heterotrophic Conditions
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The green alga Chlorella pyrenoidosa can accumulate lutein and chlorophyll under heterotrophic conditions. We propose that the mitochondrial respiratory electron transport chain (mRET) may be involved in this process. To verify this hypothesis, algal cells were treated with different mRET inhibitors. The biosynthesis of lutein and chlorophyll was found to be significantly stimulated by salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM), whereas their contents substantially decreased after treatment with antimycin A and sodium azide (NaN3). Proteomic studies revealed profound protein alterations related to the redox and energy states, and a network was proposed: The up-regulation of peroxiredoxin reduces oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH); phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) catalyzes the conversion of oxaloacetic acid to phosphoenolpyruvate, and after entering the methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway, 4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1yl diphosphate synthase reduces 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol-2,4-cyclodiphosphate (ME-Cpp) to 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl 4-diphosphate (HMBPP), which is closely related to the synthesis of lutein; and coproporphyrinogen III oxidase and ChlI play important roles in the chlorophyll biosynthetic pathway. These results supported that for the heterotrophic C. pyrenoidosa, the signaling, oriented from mRET, may regulate the nuclear genes encoding the enzymes involved in photosynthetic pigment biosynthesis.
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In Chlorella pyrenoidosa, core metabolic model targeting enhanced pigment production improved pigment yield.
“| 2 | Chlorella pyrenoidosa | 56.99 | Core metabolic model | Enhanced pigment production | Phenotypic assays, pigment quantification | Endogenous promoters or heterologous expression constructs | Improved pigment yield | Food coloring, pharmaceuticals | [90] |”
From A Holistic Approach to Circular Bioeconomy Through the Sustainable Utilization of Microalgal Biomass for Biofuel and Other Value-Added Products (2024) · cites this paper as [90]
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References 73 · Cited by 19
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- [3]Qian F.H. Study on the Optimization and Primary Scale-up of Chlorella Sequential Heterotrophic/Autotrophic Cultivation Technology for High-Density and High-Quality Master’s Thesis East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai, China 2007
- [16]Rhoads D.M. Vanlerberghe G.C. Plant Mitochondria: From Genome to Function Springer Dordrecht Dordrecht, The Netherlands 2004 83 106 978-1-4020-2400-9
- Authors
- Liu, Z.-H., Li, T., He, Q.-Y., Sun, Z., & Jiang, Y.
- Affiliations
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Tianjin Agricultural University (CN)
- Jinan University (CN)
- Shanghai Ocean University (CN)
- Runke Bioengineering Co. Ltd., Zhangzhou, Fujian 363503, China
- Corresponding author
- Sun, Zheng
- Jiang, Yue
- Venue
- Marine Drugs
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2018-09-28
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 354
- ISSN
- 1660-3397 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6213193
- OpenAlex
- W2893595638
- Cited by
- 19
- References
- 73
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 0.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- dx.doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Marine Drugs (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (31501493)
- NSFC-Shandong Joint Fund (U1706209)
- Natural Science Foundation of the Tianjin Municipal Education Commission (2017KJ183)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Algal biology and biofuel production
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Plant biochemistry and biosynthesis
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms
- Keywords
- Chlorella pyrenoidosa, lutein biosynthesis, chlorophyll biosynthesis, mitochondria, respiratory electron transport chain, heterotrophic growth, salicylhydroxamic acid, antimycin A, sodium azide, peroxiredoxin, glutathione redox state, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, methylerythritol phosphate pathway, coproporphyrinogen III oxidase, photosynthetic pigments
- MeSH terms
- Chlorophyta, Chlorella, Chlorophyll, Mitochondria, Oxidation-Reduction, Oxidoreductases, Photosynthesis, Lutein, Proteomics, Electron Transport Chain Complex Proteins, Heterotrophic Processes, Biosynthetic Pathways
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