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Cited by 156Phytochemical Studies and BioactivitiesNatural product bioactivities and synthesisMedicinal Plant Research

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 205 of the 205 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Critical Analysis on Characterization, Systemic Effect, and Therapeutic Potential of Beta-Sitosterol: A Plant-Derived Orphan Phytosterol

Open access
Bin Sayeed, Muhammad, Karim, Selim, Sharmin, Tasnuva, Morshed, Mohammed·2016·Medicines
DOI 10.3390/medicines3040029PMC PMC5456237
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Abstract

Beta-sitosterol (BS) is a phytosterol, widely distributed throughout the plant kingdom and known to be involved in the stabilization of cell membranes. To compile the sources, physical and chemical properties, spectral and chromatographic analytical methods, synthesis, systemic effects, pharmacokinetics, therapeutic potentials, toxicity, drug delivery and finally, to suggest future research with BS, classical as well as on-line literature were studied. Classical literature includes classical books on ethnomedicine and phytochemistry, and the electronic search included Pubmed, SciFinder, Scopus, the Web of Science, Google Scholar, and others. BS could be obtained from different plants, but the total biosynthetic pathway, as well as its exact physiological and structural function in plants, have not been fully understood. Different pharmacological effects have been studied, but most of the mechanisms of action have not been studied in detail. Clinical trials with BS have shown beneficial effects in different diseases, but long-term study results are not available. These have contributed to its current status as an “orphan phytosterol”. Therefore, extensive research regarding its effect at cellular and molecular level in humans as well as addressing the claims made by commercial manufacturers such as the cholesterol lowering ability, immunological activity etc. are highly recommended.

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Registry

Crossref · 10.3390/medicines3040029

Cites

205 of 205 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Figures

Figure 1 Beta-sitosterol(BS) [3] (Drawn by using ChemDraw software).
Figure 1 Beta-sitosterol(BS) [3] (Drawn by using ChemDraw software).CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 2 Stigmasterol [3] (Drawn by using ChemDraw software).
Figure 2 Stigmasterol [3] (Drawn by using ChemDraw software).CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 3 Campesterol [3] (Drawn by using ChemDraw software).
Figure 3 Campesterol [3] (Drawn by using ChemDraw software).CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 4 Formation of squalene [42].
Figure 4 Formation of squalene [42].CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 5 Synthesis of BS [40].
Figure 5 Synthesis of BS [40].CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 6 Synthesis of cholesterol [41].
Figure 6 Synthesis of cholesterol [41].CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 7 Pharmacokinetics of beta-sitosterol.
Figure 7 Pharmacokinetics of beta-sitosterol.CC BY · PubMed Central

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Citations

Cites

Show all 205 references

Research works printed but not linked: 14

  1. Pegel, 1997, The importance of sitosterol and sitosterolin in human and animal nutrition, S. Afr. J. Sci., 93, 263
  2. Schneider, 2009, Phytosterols, phytostanols and their esters, Saf. Eval. Certain Food Addit., 60, 117
  3. Raport, 2008, Consumption of food and beverages with added plant sterols in the European Union, EFSA J., 133, 1
  4. Pateh, 2009, Isolation of stigmasterol, β-sitosterol and 2-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid methyl ester from the rhizomes of Stylochiton lancifolius Pyer and Kotchy (Araceae), Niger. J. Pharm. Sci., 7, 19
  5. Khanam, 2012, Isolation of β-sitosterol & stigmasterol as active immunomodulatory constituents from fruits of Solanum xanthocarpum (Solanaceae), IJPSR, 3, 1057
  6. Sarin, 2011, Phytosterol from in vivo and in vitro cultures of two medicinal plants viz, Adhatoda Vasica, 2, 927
  7. Klein, 2004, Phytoecdysteroids, J. Am. Herbalists Guild, 5, 18
  8. Patra, 2010, Isolation and characterization of stigmast-5-en-3β-ol (β-sitosterol) from the leaves of Hygrophila spinosa, Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Res., 2, 95
  9. Pollak, O.J., and Kritchevsky, D. (1981). Sitosterol, Karger.
  10. Recio, 2006, Anti-inflammatory activity of beta-sitosterol in a model of oxazolone-induced contact delayed type hypersensitivity, Bol. Latinoam. Caribe Plantas Med. Aromát., 6, 57
  11. Bouic, 1997, Immunomodulation in HIV/AIDS: The Tygerberg/Stellenbosch University Experience, AIDS Bull., 6, 18
  12. Awad, 2004, Targeting ceramide by dietary means to stimulate apoptosis in tumor cells, Curr. Top. Nutraceutical Res., 2, 93
  13. Bumrela, 2012, Hepato protective activity of methanolic extract of Dipteracanthus patulus (Jacq) Nees: Possible involvement of antioxidant and membrane stabilization property, Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci., 4, 685
  14. Louw, 2002, A pilot study of the clinical effects of a mixture of beta-sitosterol and beta-sitosterol glucoside in active rheumatoid arthritis, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 75, 351S

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Metadata

Authors
Bin Sayeed, M., Karim, S., Sharmin, T., & Morshed, M.
Affiliations
  • Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
  • Daffodil International University (BD)
  • University of Dhaka (BD)
ORCID
Venue
Medicines
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2016-11-15
Volume
3
Issue
4
Pages
29
ISSN
2305-6320 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/medicines3040029
PMC
PMC5456237
OpenAlex
W2552642879
Cited by
156
References
205
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2
FWCI
0.66
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Medicines (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
Uppsala Universitet
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Phytochemical Studies and Bioactivities
  • Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Natural product bioactivities and synthesis
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Medicinal Plant Research
Keywords
β-sitosterol, phytosterols, sterol biosynthesis, pharmacokinetics, cholesterol lowering, immunological activity, toxicity, drug delivery, cell membrane stabilization, clinical trials, ethnomedicine

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