Haematococcus pluvialis as a Potential Source of Astaxanthin with Diverse Applications in Industrial Sectors: Current Research and Future Directions
Open accessAbstract
Haematococcus pluvialis, a green microalga, appears to be a rich source of valuable bioactive compounds, such as astaxanthin, carotenoids, proteins, lutein, and fatty acids (FAs). Astaxanthin has a variety of health benefits and is used in the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries. Astaxanthin, for example, preserves the redox state and functional integrity of mitochondria and shows advantages despite a low dietary intake. Because of its antioxidant capacity, astaxanthin has recently piqued the interest of researchers due to its potential pharmacological effects, which include anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities, as well as neuro-, cardiovascular-, ocular, and skin-protective properties. Astaxanthin is a popular nutritional ingredient and a significant component in animal and aquaculture feed. Extensive studies over the last two decades have established the mechanism by which persistent oxidative stress leads to chronic inflammation, which then mediates the majority of serious diseases. This mini-review provides an overview of contemporary research that makes use of the astaxanthin pigment. This mini-review provides insight into the potential of H. pluvialis as a potent antioxidant in the industry, as well as the broad range of applications for astaxanthin molecules as a potent antioxidant in the industrial sector.
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Clinical and animal studies support astaxanthin's efficacy in lowering systemic inflammation and protecting against oxidative and neuroinflammatory damage.
“Clinical and animal studies support its efficacy in lowering systemic inflammation and protecting against oxidative and neuroinflammatory damage [50].”
From Microalgae Bioactives for Functional Food Innovation and Health Promotion (2025) · cites this paper as [50]
Section 4.2 (Anti-Inflammatory Properties; page unavailable) reports anti-inflammatory and protection against oxidative damage in animal studies. Section 4.5 (Anti-Ageing; page unavailable) reports human findings on skin inflammation and systemic oxidative stress, but not a reduction in systemic inflammation. The copy does not report protection against neuroinflammatory damage. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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References 53 · Cited by 121
- Authors
- Oslan, S. N. H., Tan, J. S., Oslan, S. N., Matanjun, P., Mokhtar, R. A. M., Shapawi, R., & Huda, N.
- Affiliations
- Universiti Putra Malaysia (MY)
- Universiti Sains Malaysia (MY)
- Universiti of Malaysia Sabah (MY)
- Corresponding author
- Huda, Nurul
- ORCID
- Venue
- Molecules
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2021-10-27
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 21
- Pages
- 6470
- ISSN
- 1420-3049 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8587866
- OpenAlex
- W3208615867
- Cited by
- 121
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 51 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 6
- FWCI
- 0.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Molecules (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Universiti Putra Malaysia Institutional Repository (Universiti Putra Malaysia) (acceptedVersion)
- UMS Institutional Repository (Universiti Malaysia Sabah) (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Universiti Malaysia Sabah
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Algal biology and biofuel production
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Aquatic Science › Seaweed-derived Bioactive Compounds
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Keywords
- Haematococcus pluvialis, astaxanthin, carotenoids, microalgae, antioxidant activity, oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory activity, anti-diabetic effects, nutraceuticals, aquaculture feed, mitochondrial protection, industrial applications
- MeSH terms
- Drug Development, Biological Products, Biotechnology, Fibrinolytic Agents, Reactive Oxygen Species, Dietary Supplements, Food Industry, Xanthophylls, Microalgae
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