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Cited by 133Bee Products Chemical AnalysisHealthcare and Venom ResearchPhytochemistry and Biological Activities

Chemical Variability and Pharmacological Potential of Propolis as a Source for the Development of New Pharmaceutical Products

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Wieczorek, Piotr Paweł, Hudz, Nataliia, Yezerska, Oksana, Horčinová-Sedláčková, Vladimira, Shanaida, Mariia, Korytniuk, Oleksii, Jasicka-Misiak, Iza·2022·Molecules
DOI 10.3390/molecules27051600PMC PMC8911684
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Abstract

This review aims to analyze propolis as a potential raw material for the development and manufacture of new health-promoting products. Many scientific publications were retrieved from the Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases via searching the word "propolis". The different extraction procedures, key biologically active compounds, biological properties, and therapeutic potential of propolis were analyzed. It was concluded that propolis possesses a variety of biological properties because of a very complex chemical composition that mainly depends on the plant species visited by bees and species of bees. Numerous studies found versatile pharmacological activities of propolis: antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, etc. In this review, the composition and biological activities of propolis are presented from a point of view of the origin and standardization of propolis for the purpose of the development of new pharmaceutical products on its base. It was revealed that some types of propolis, especially European propolis, contain flavonoids and phenolic acids, which could be markers for the standardization and quality evaluation of propolis and its preparations. One more focus of this paper was the overview of microorganisms’ sensitivity to propolis for further development of antimicrobial and antioxidant products for the treatment of various infectious diseases with an emphasis on the illnesses of the oral cavity. It was established that the antimicrobial activity of different types of propolis is quite significant, especially to Gram-negative bacteria and lipophilic viruses. The present study could be also of interest to the pharmaceutical industry as a review for the appropriate design of standardized propolis preparations such as mouthwashes, toothpastes, oral drops, sprays, creams, ointments, suppositories, tablets, and capsules, etc. Moreover, propolis could be regarded as a source for the isolation of biologically active substances. Furthermore, this review can facilitate partially overcoming the problem of the standardization of propolis preparations, which is a principal obstacle to the broader use of propolis in the pharmaceutical industry. Finally, this study could be of interest in the area of the food industry for the development of nutritionally well-balanced products. The results of this review indicate that propolis deserves to be better studied for its promising therapeutic effects from the point of view of the connection of its chemical composition with the locality of its collection, vegetation, appropriate extraction methods, and standardization.

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Wieczorek, P. P., Hudz, N., Yezerska, O., Horčinová-Sedláčková, V., Shanaida, M., Korytniuk, O., & Jasicka-Misiak, I.
Affiliations
  • University of Opole (PL)
  • Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University (UA)
  • Institute of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia
  • I.Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University (UA)
  • Ukrainian Military Medical Academy (UA)
  • Department of Pharmacy and Ecological Chemistry, University of Opole, 45-052 Opole, Poland
Corresponding author
Wieczorek, Piotr Paweł
ORCID
Venue
Molecules
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2022-02-28
Volume
27
Issue
5
Pages
1600
ISSN
1420-3049 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/molecules27051600
PMC
PMC8911684
OpenAlex
W4214494534
Cited by
133
References
1
Citations by year
2026: 28 · 2025: 35 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 8
FWCI
2.58
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Molecules (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
Vysegrad Fund (Vysegrad Fund ( 51910427))
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Insect Science › Bee Products Chemical Analysis
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Healthcare and Venom Research
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Phytochemistry and Biological Activities
Keywords
propolis, chemical composition, pharmacological activity, antimicrobial activity, antifungal activity, antiviral activity, antioxidant activity, anticancer activity, anti-inflammatory activity, immunomodulatory activity, flavonoids, phenolic acids, quality assessment, oral infection, mouthwash, toothpaste, food industry applications
MeSH terms
Anti-Infective Agents, Antioxidants, Pharmaceutical Preparations, Flavonoids, Propolis

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