Cited by 28biodegradable polymer synthesis and propertiesPolymer Surface Interaction StudiesMagnesium Alloys: Properties and Applications

Degradation Behavior of Poly(Lactide-Co-Glycolide) Monolayers Investigated by Langmuir Technique: Accelerating Effect

Open access
Kim, Gayeon, Gavande, Vishal, Shaikh, Vasi, Lee, Won-Ki·2023·Molecules

Abstract

Among biodegradable polymers, polylactides (PLAs) have attracted considerable interest because the monomer can be produced from renewable resources. Since their initial degradability strongly affects commercial application fields, it is necessary to manage the degradation properties of PLAs to make them more commercially attractive. To control their degradability, poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) copolymers of glycolide and isomer lactides (LAs) were synthesized, and their enzymatic and alkaline degradation rates of PLGA monolayers as functions of glycolide acid (GA) composition were systematically investigated by the Langmuir technique. The results showed that the alkaline and enzymatic degradations of PLGA monolayers were faster than those of l-polylactide (l-PLA), even though proteinase K is selectively effective in the l-lactide (l-LA) unit. Alkaline hydrolysis was strongly affected by their hydrophilicity, while the surface pressure of monolayers for enzymatic degradations was a major factor.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.3390/molecules28124810

Cites

2 of 2 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Polymeric films (PLA/PLGA), such as polylactide sheets or meshes used experimentally or with meshes, degrade by hydrolysis over 6-8 weeks, releasing lactic/glycolic acid monomers.

    “Polymeric films (PLA/PLGA)—e.g., polylactide sheets or meshes used experimentally or in combination with meshes; these degrade by hydrolysis over 6-8 weeks, releasing lactic/glycolic acid monomers [268].”

    From Biomaterials in Postoperative Adhesion Barriers and Uterine Tissue Engineering (2025) · cites this paper as [268]

    The Introduction states that PLGA breaks down by hydrolysis into lactic and glycolic acids. It does not establish a 6–8-week degradation period for PLA/PLGA films, sheets, or meshes; instead, it gives approximately ten months for complete PLA biodegradation and notes that degradation rates vary. (LLM, conf=0.90)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 31

  1. [1]Thushari G.G.N. Senevirathna J.D.M. Plastic pollution in the marine environment Heliyon 2020 6 e04709 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04709 32923712 PMC7475234 · DOI
  2. [2]Van der Walle G.A.M. De Koning G.J.M. Weusthuis R.A. Eggink G. Properties, Modifications and Applications of Biopolyesters Biopolyesters Babel W. Steinbüchel A. Springer Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany 2001 263 291 978-3-540-40021-9 11217415
  3. [3]Yates M.R. Barlow C.Y. Life cycle assessments of biodegradable, commercial biopolymers—A critical review Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 2013 78 54 66 10.1016/j.resconrec.2013.06.010 · DOI
  4. [4]Samantaray P.K. Little A. Haddleton D.M. McNally T. Tan B. Sun Z. Huang W. Ji Y. Wan C. Poly(glycolic acid) (PGA): A versatile building block expanding high performance and sustainable bioplastic applications Green Chem. 2020 22 4055 4081 10.1039/D0GC01394C · DOI
  5. [5]Im D. Gavande V. Lee H. Iwata T. Lee W.K. Compatibility and hydrolytic behaviors of polylactide isomer/poly(butylene succinate) mixtures by the Langmuir technique Polym. Degrad. Stab. 2021 186 109517 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109517 · DOI
  6. [6]Lee W.K. Nowak R.W. Gardella J.A. Hydrolytic degradation of polyester blend monolayers at the air/water interface: Effects of a slowly degrading component Langmuir 2002 18 2309 2312 10.1021/la011663c · DOI
  7. [7]Lee W.K. Iwata T. Gardella J.A. Hydrolytic behavior of enantiomeric poly(lactide) mixed monolayer films at the air/water interface: Stereocomplexation effects Langmuir 2005 21 11180 11184 10.1021/la051137b 16285788 · DOI
  8. [8]Gavande V. Im D. Jin Y. Lim K.T. Lee W.K. 3D bio polybutylene succinate electrospun nanofiber scaffolds for biomimetic structure Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 2020 706 55 61 10.1080/15421406.2020.1743438 · DOI
  9. [9]Ha C.S. Gardella J.A. Surface chemistry of biodegradable polymers for drug delivery systems Chem. Rev. 2005 105 4205 4232 10.1021/cr040419y 16277374 · DOI
  10. [10]Fredericks R.J. Melveger A.J. Dolegiewitz L.J. Morphological and structural changes in a copolymer of glycolide and lactide occurring as a result of hydrolysis J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Phys. Ed. 1984 22 57 66 10.1002/pol.1984.180220106 · DOI
  11. [11]Im D. Gavande V. Park E. Kim D. Lee W.-K. Synthesis and selective enzymatic degradation of polylactide/poly (butylene succinate) mixtures Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 2022 758 64 70 10.1080/15421406.2022.2151683 · DOI
  12. [12]Gavande V. Kim G. Kim B. Jin Y. Jang S.-H. Chun J.H. Lee W.-K. Effect of molecular weight on stereocomplexation of enantiomeric polylactide mixtures and their degradation behaviors by Langmuir technique Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 2022 742 133 138 10.1080/15421406.2022.2038457 · DOI
  13. [13]Kwon Y. Gavande V. Kim S. Im D. Lee W.-K. Renewable triblock copolymers of polylactide and polyether polyol: Degradation behaviors of their monolayers and films Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 2023 1 9 10.1080/15421406.2023.2203569 · DOI
  14. [15]Murcia Valderrama M.A. Van Putten R.J. Gruter G.J.M. PLGA Barrier Materials from CO2. The influence of Lactide Co-monomer on Glycolic Acid Polyesters ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. 2020 2 2706 2718 10.1021/acsapm.0c00315 32954354 PMC7493221 · DOI
  15. [16]Grijpma D.W. Nijenhuis A.J. Pennings A.J. Synthesis and hydrolytic degradation behaviour of high-molecular-weight l-lactide and glycolide copolymers Polymer 1990 31 2201 2206 10.1016/0032-3861(90)90096-H · DOI
  16. [17]Erbetta C.D.A.C. Alves R.J. Resende J.M. Freitas R.F.S. de Sousa R.G. Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(D,L-Lactide-co-Glycolide) Copolymer J. Biomater. Nanobiotechnol. 2012 3 208 225 10.4236/jbnb.2012.32027 · DOI
  17. [18]Croll T.I. O’Connor A.J. Stevens G.W. Cooper-White J.J. Controllable surface modification of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) by hydrolysis or aminolysis I: Physical, chemical, and theoretical aspects Biomacromolecules 2004 5 463 473 10.1021/bm0343040 15003007 · DOI
  18. [20]Qian H. Wohl A.R. Crow J.T. Macosko C.W. Hoye T.R. A Strategy for Control of “Random” Copolymerization of Lactide and Glycolide: Application to Synthesis of PEG-b-PLGA Block Polymers Having Narrow Dispersity Macromolecules 2011 44 7132 7140 10.1021/ma201169z 22287809 PMC3266509 · DOI
  19. [21]Lee W.K. Gardella J.A. Hydrolytic kinetics of biodegradable polyester monolayers Langmuir 2000 16 3401 3406 10.1021/la990800r · DOI
  20. [22]Machatschek R. Schulz B. Lendlein A. The influence of pH on the molecular degradation mechanism of PLGA MRS Adv. 2018 3 3883 3889 10.1557/adv.2018.602 · DOI
  21. [23]Rudin A. Choi P. Chapter 2—Basic Principles of Polymer Molecular Weights The Elements of Polymer Science & Engineering 3rd ed. Rudin A. Choi P. Academic Press Boston, MA, USA 2013 63 87 978-0-12-382178-2
  22. [24]Machatschek R. Schulz B. Lendlein A. Langmuir Monolayers as Tools to Study Biodegradable Polymer Implant Materials Macromol. Rapid Commun. 2019 40 1800611 10.1002/marc.201800611 30387219 · DOI
  23. [25]Ivanova T. Panaiotov I. Boury F. Proust J.E. Benoit J.P. Verger R. Hydrolysis kinetics of poly(D,L-lactide) monolayers spread on basic or acidic aqueous subphases Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces 1997 8 217 225 10.1016/S0927-7765(96)01331-8 · DOI
  24. [26]Jo N.J. Iwata T. Lim K.T. Jung S.H. Lee W.K. Degradation behaviors of polyester monolayers at the air/water interface: Alkaline and enzymatic degradations Polym. Degrad. Stab. 2007 92 1199 1203 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2007.04.002 · DOI
  25. [27]Tsuji H. Poly(lactide) stereocomplexes: Formation, structure, properties, degradation, and applications Macromol. Biosci. 2005 5 569 597 10.1002/mabi.200500062 15997437 · DOI · Paper page
  26. [28]Tsuji H. Tezuka Y. Alkaline and enzymatic degradation of L-lactide copolymers, 1: Amorphous-made films of L-lactide copolymers with D-lactide, glycolide, and ε-caprolactone Macromol. Biosci. 2005 5 135 148 10.1002/mabi.200400154 15729721 · DOI
  27. [29]Ryner M. Albertsson A.C. Resorbable and highly elastic block copolymers from 1,5-dioxepan-2-one and L-lactide with controlled tensile properties and hydrophilicity Biomacromolecules 2002 3 601 608 10.1021/bm015658z 12005533 · DOI
  28. [30]Schmitt E.A. Flanagan D.R. Linhardt R.J. Importance of distinct water environments in the hydrolysis of poly (DL-lactide-co-glycolide) Macromolecules 1994 27 743 748 10.1021/ma00081a019 · DOI
  29. [31]Liu F. Yang J. Fan Z. Li S. Kasperczyk J. Dobrzyński P. Enzyme-catalyzed degradation of biodegradable polymers derived from trimethylene carbonate and glycolide by lipases from candida antarctica and hog pancreas J. Biomater. Sci. Polym. Ed. 2012 23 1355 1368 10.1163/092050611X581525 21722422 · DOI
  30. [32]Zhou X. Cai Q. Yan N. Deng X. Yang X. In vitro hydrolytic and enzymatic degradation of nestlike-patterned electrospun poly(D,L -lactide-co-glycolide) scaffolds J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part A 2010 95 755 765 10.1002/jbm.a.32896 20725988 · DOI
  31. [33]Tsuji H. Muramatsu H. Blends of aliphatic polyesters: V. Non-enzymatic and enzymatic hydrolysis of blends from hydrophobic poly(L-lactide) and hydrophilic poly(vinyl alcohol) Polym. Degrad. Stab. 2001 71 403 413 10.1016/S0141-3910(00)00192-0 · DOI

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Kim, G., Gavande, V., Shaikh, V., & Lee, W.-K.
Affiliations
  • Pukyong National University (KR)
  • MIT World Peace University (IN)
Corresponding author
Lee, Won-Ki
Venue
Molecules
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2023-06-16
Volume
28
Issue
12
Pages
4810
ISSN
1420-3049 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W4380987474
Cited by
28
References
2
Citations by year
2026: 11 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 1
FWCI
1.74
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Molecules (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (20010519)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › biodegradable polymer synthesis and properties
  • Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Surfaces, Coatings and Films › Polymer Surface Interaction Studies
  • Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Magnesium Alloys: Properties and Applications
Keywords
poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid), polymer degradation, enzymatic degradation, alkaline hydrolysis, proteinase K, surface pressure, hydrophilicity, biodegradable polymers, Langmuir monolayers

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review