Basal metabolic rate and body composition predict habitual food and macronutrient intakes: gender differences
Open accessAbstract
The underlying mechanisms that regulate energy homeostasis and food intake are not fully understood. Moreover, little research has been performed on the relation of body composition with habitual macronutrient intake among free-living populations. Since body composition and energy metabolism differ between males and females, we aimed to determine whether the relationship between body composition and habitual macronutrient intakes is gender-dependent. In this cross-sectional study, 261 participants (99 males) were recruited from Singapore. Macronutrient intake was evaluated from a three-day self-reported dietary record. Body composition and basal metabolic rate (BMR) were determined by using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and indirect calorimetry, respectively. Our results show that both BMR (p < 0.001) and lean body mass (LBM, p < 0.001) predicted daily energy intake (EI). LBM was positively associated with intakes of protein (PRO) and fat (FAT) in females, but not in males. This relationship persisted even after adjustment for fat mass (FM). On the other hand, no significant associations between FM and macronutrient intake were observed in both males and females. Therefore, the relationship between habitual macronutrient intake, LBM, and BMR is gender-dependent. Elucidating the gender differences in energy metabolism is important for understanding the factors that regulate energy homeostasis and can subsequently help better manage energy balance.
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Sufficient protein intake is considered crucial for maintaining lean mass in low-calorie dietary regimens.
“For instance, sufficient protein intake is considered crucial for maintaining lean mass in low-calorie dietary regimens (21, 22).”
From Diet and physical exercise as key players to tackle MASLD through improvement of insulin resistance and metabolic flexibility (2024) · cites this paper as [21]
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References 37 · Cited by 22
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [22]Allison D.B. Baskin M. Handbook of Assessment Methods for Eating Behaviours and Weight Related Problems: Measures, Theory, and Research 2nd ed. Sage Publications Thousand Oaks, CA, USA 2009
- Authors
- Bi, X., Forde, C. G., Goh, A. T., & Henry, C. J.
- Affiliations
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (SG)
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC)Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and National University Health System Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Corresponding author
- Henry, Christiani Jeyakumar
- Venue
- Nutrients
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2019-11-04
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 2653
- ISSN
- 2072-6643 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6893862
- OpenAlex
- W2983114435
- Cited by
- 22
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2
- FWCI
- 0.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- dx.doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nutrients (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- National University of Singapore (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Body Composition Measurement Techniques
- Keywords
- basal metabolic rate, body composition, macronutrient intake, energy intake, lean body mass, fat mass, gender differences, energy homeostasis, energy balance, protein intake, dietary fat intake, free-living population
- MeSH terms
- Nutrients, Basal Metabolism, Body Composition, Cross-Sectional Studies, Feeding Behavior, Female, Humans, Male, Sex Factors
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