The Effect of Timing of Exercise and Eating on Postprandial Response in Adults: A Systematic Review
Open accessAbstract
Type 2 diabetes is a major public health concern. Management of this condition has focused on behavior modification through diet and exercise interventions. A growing body of evidence has focused on temporality of dietary intake and exercise and potential effects on health. This review summarizes current literature that investigates the question “how does the timing of exercise relative to eating throughout the day effect postprandial response in adults?” Databases PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus were searched between March–May 2019. Experimental studies conducted in healthy adults (≥18 y) and those with type 2 diabetes were included. Full texts were examined by at least two independent reviewers. Seventeen studies with a total of 332 participants met the inclusion criteria. The primary finding supports that exercise performed post-meal regardless of time of day had a beneficial impact on postprandial glycemia. There was insufficient evidence regarding whether timing of exercise performed pre- vs. post-meal or vice versa in a day is related to improved postprandial glycemic response due to inherent differences between studies. Future studies focusing on the investigation of timing and occurrence of meal intake and exercise throughout the day are needed to inform whether there is, and what is, an optimal time for these behaviors regarding long-term health outcomes.
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Exercise performed post-meal instead of pre-meal regardless of time of day, improved postprandial hyperglycemia.
“A recent systematic review of 20 studies with a total of 352 participants (15 studies with T2DM and 5 with healthy subjects) concluded that exercise (moderate-intensity aerobic exercise in 18 studies, HIIT in 3 studies, and resistance exercise in one) performed post-meal instead of pre-meal regardless of time of day, improved postprandial hyperglycemia [201].”
From Effects of diet, lifestyle, Chrononutrition and alternative dietary interventions on postprandial Glycemia and insulin resistance (2022) · cites this paper as [201]
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References 38 · Cited by 54
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- [20]Jeffrey Ruegemer J. Squires R.W. Marsh H.M. Haymond M.W. Cryer P.E. Rizza R.A. Miles J.M. Differences Between Prebreakfast and Late Afternoon Glycemic Responses to Exercise in IDDM Patients Diabetes Care 1990 13 104 110 10.2337/diacare.13.2.104 2190767 · DOI
- [27]Rasmussen O.W. Lauszus F.F. Hermansen K. Effects of Postprandial Exercise on Glycemic Response in IDDM Subjects: Studies at constant insulinemia Diabetes Care 1994 17 1203 1205 10.2337/diacare.17.10.1203 7821145 · DOI
- [32]Caron D. Poussier P. Marliss E.B. Zinman B. The Effect of Postprandial Exercise on Meal-related Glucose Intolerance in Insulin-dependent Diabetic Individuals Diabetes Care 1982 5 364 369 10.2337/diacare.5.4.364 6759076 · DOI
- Authors
- Aqeel, M., Forster, A., Richards, E., Hennessy, E., McGowan, B., Bhadra, A., Guo, J., Gelfand, S., Delp, E., & Eicher-Miller, H.
- Affiliations
- Purdue University West Lafayette (US)
- School of Nursing, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Tufts University (US)
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nutrients
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2020-01-15
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 221
- ISSN
- 2072-6643 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7019516
- OpenAlex
- W3000028019
- Cited by
- 54
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 5
- FWCI
- 1.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- correction (2020-01-15)
- Open access
- gold
- dx.doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nutrients (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (R21CA224764)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Keywords
- exercise timing, meal timing, postprandial blood glucose, type 2 diabetes, postprandial exercise, dietary intake, glycemic response, healthy adults
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Eating, Humans, Time Factors, Exercise, Postprandial Period
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