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Development and Validation of a Short Sport Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire for Athletes

Vázquez-Espino, Karla, Fernández-Tena, Carles, Lizarraga-Dallo, Maria Antonia, Farran-Codina, Andreu·2020·Nutrients
DOI 10.3390/nu12113561
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Abstract

Weak evidence exists on the relationship between nutritional knowledge and diet quality. Many researchers claim that this could be in part because of inadequate validation of the questionnaires used. The aim of this study was to develop a compact reliable questionnaire on nutrition knowledge for young and adult athletes (NUKYA). Researchers and the sport clubs medical staff developed the questionnaire by taking into consideration the latest athlete dietary guidelines. The questionnaire content was validated by a panel of 12 nutrition experts, and finally tested by 445 participants including athletes (n = 264), nutrition students (n = 49) and non-athletes with no formal nutrition knowledge (n = 132). After consulting the experts, 59 of the 64 initial items remained in the questionnaire. To collect the evaluation of experts, we used the content validity index, obtaining high indices for relevance and ambiguity (0.99) as well as for clarity and simplicity (0.98). The final questionnaire included 24 questions with 59 items. We ensured construct validity and reliability through psychometric validation based on the Classical Test Theory and the Item–Response Theory (Rasch model). We found significant statistical differences comparing the groups of nutrition knowledgeable participants with the rest of the groups (ANOVA p < 0.001). We verified the questionnaire for test–retest reliability (R = 0.895, p < 0.001) and internal consistency (Cronbach’s α=0.849). We successfully fit the questionnaire data to a rating scale model (global separation reliability of 0.861) and examined discrimination and difficulty indices for items. Finally, we validated the NUKYA questionnaire as an effective tool to appraise nutrition knowledge in athletes. This questionnaire can be used for guiding in educational interventions, studying the influence of nutrition knowledge on nutrient intake and assessing/monitoring sport nutritional knowledge in large groups.

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Metadata

Authors
Vázquez-Espino, K., Fernández-Tena, C., Lizarraga-Dallo, M. A., & Farran-Codina, A.
Affiliations
  • Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, XaRTA–INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Av. Prat de la Riba Campus de l’Alimentació de Torribera, 171, Santa Coloma de Gramenet, E-08921 Barcelona, Spain
  • Independent Researcher, Pau Claris 165, 3-B, E-08037 Barcelona, Spain
ORCID
Venue
Nutrients
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2020-11-20
Volume
12
Issue
11
Pages
3561
ISSN
2072-6643
DOI
10.3390/nu12113561
Cited by
47
References
1
Language
en
Licence
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Funders
  • Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca (2017 SGR 741)
  • Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia, México ((without reference number))

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