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Cited by 96Wound Healing and TreatmentsElectrospun Nanofibers in Biomedical ApplicationsSilk-based biomaterials and applications

Keratin Biomaterials in Skin Wound Healing, an Old Player in Modern Medicine: A Mini Review

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Konop, Marek, Rybka, Mateusz, Drapała, Adrian·2021·Pharmaceutics
DOI 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122029PMC PMC8705570
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Abstract

Impaired wound healing is a major medical problem. To solve it, researchers around the world have turned their attention to the use of tissue-engineered products to aid in skin regeneration in case of acute and chronic wounds. One of the primary goals of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine is to develop a matrix or scaffold system that mimics the structure and function of native tissue. Keratin biomaterials derived from wool, hair, and bristle have been the subjects of active research in the context of tissue regeneration for over a decade. Keratin derivatives, which can be either soluble or insoluble, are utilized as wound dressings since keratins are dynamically up-regulated and needed in skin wound healing. Tissue biocompatibility, biodegradability, mechanical durability, and natural abundance are only a few of the keratin biomaterials’ properties, making them excellent wound dressing materials to treat acute and chronic wounds. Several experimental and pre-clinical studies described the beneficial effects of the keratin-based wound dressing in faster wound healing. This review focuses exclusively on the biomedical application of a different type of keratin biomaterials as a wound dressing in pre-clinical and clinical conditions.

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  • The traditional practice of using animal horns for wound healing probably derives from keratin's ability to enhance tissue regeneration and wound closure.

    “this type of traditional practice probably derives from the well-documented ability of keratin to enhance tissue regeneration and wound closure (9) , (10)”

    From Efficacy of Carabao Horn Powder as an Organic Ingredient in Soap Production (2026) · cites this paper as [9]

    The Introduction and Concluding Remarks report that keratin-based wound dressings can enhance healing, epithelialization, and tissue recovery. The review does not address the traditional use of animal horns or establish that keratin’s effects explain that practice; that proposed connection remains unsupported by this source. (LLM, conf=0.84)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • The marginally positive shift in pH with higher concentration of horn powder indicates that the basicity of the soap is stabilized by a constituent of the alkaline entity of keratinous material.

    “The marginally positive shift in pH with higher concentration of horn powder indicates that the basicity of the soap is stabilized by a constituent of the alkaline entity of keratinous material, an observation reported in research on the biochemical stability of biomaterials derived from keratin (9) , (10)”

    From Efficacy of Carabao Horn Powder as an Organic Ingredient in Soap Production (2026) · cites this paper as [9]

    Section 5, “Biomedical Properties of Keratin” (page unavailable), discusses the water stability of a keratin-containing hydrogel, while its antibacterial subsection discusses keratin’s functional groups. Neither the supplied passages nor searches for horn powder, soap, pH, and alkalinity address whether horn powder stabilizes soap basicity. (LLM, conf=0.75)

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Konop, M., Rybka, M., & Drapała, A.
Affiliations
Medical University of Warsaw (PL)
Corresponding author
Konop, Marek
ORCID
Venue
Pharmaceutics
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2021-11-28
Volume
13
Issue
12
Pages
2029
ISSN
1999-4923 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/pharmaceutics13122029
PMC
PMC8705570
OpenAlex
W3214937540
Cited by
96
References
1
Citations by year
2026: 17 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 13
FWCI
1.39
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Pharmaceutics (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
Medical University of Warsaw ((1S7/2/M/MB/N/20/20:MAT))
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Wound Healing and Treatments
  • Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Electrospun Nanofibers in Biomedical Applications
  • Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Silk-based biomaterials and applications
Keywords
skin wound healing, wound dressings, tissue engineering, skin regeneration, chronic wounds, acute wounds, biodegradable scaffolds, biocompatibility

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