CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 147Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)Traffic and Road SafetyIoT and GPS-based Vehicle Safety Systems

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Vehicle-to-Pedestrian Communication for Vulnerable Road Users: Survey, Design Considerations, and Challenges

Open access
Sewalkar, Parag, Seitz, Jochen·2019·Sensors
DOI 10.3390/s19020358PMC PMC6359035
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

In the last few years, increasing attention has been provided to research Vehicle-to-Pedestrian (V2P) communication systems. These V2P systems serve different purposes (safety or convenience) and cater to different Vulnerable Road User (VRU) groups. Also, these V2P systems employ different communication technologies, and use different mechanisms to interact with the users. An effective V2P system also needs to consider varying characteristics of different VRUs. These various elements may be considered as design parameters of the V2P system. In this paper, we discuss such elements and propose a design framework for the V2P system based on them. We also provide an extensive survey of existing V2P efforts for safety and convenience applications and their design considerations. We perform a case study that compares the different approaches of V2P safety system for different VRU groups under different pre-crash scenarios. Finally, we discuss a few technological challenges in integration of VRUs into V2X systems.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.3390/s19020358

Cites

1 of 1 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Figures

Figure 1 VRU Fatalities by VRU Type.
Figure 1 VRU Fatalities by VRU Type.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 2 Example V2P System Architectures.
Figure 2 Example V2P System Architectures.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 3 Various pre-crash scenarios. (a) Pedestrian crossing in front of vehicle; (b) Pedestrian moving parallel to vehicle; (c) Vehicle turning left into cyclist’s path (d) Vehicle turning right into cyclist’s path.
Figure 3 Various pre-crash scenarios. (a) Pedestrian crossing in front of vehicle; (b) Pedestrian moving parallel to vehicle; (c) Vehicle turning left into cyclist’s path (d) Vehicle turning right into cyclist’s path.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 4 Simulation Scenario.
Figure 4 Simulation Scenario.CC BY · PubMed Central

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 1 references

Research works printed but not linked: 38

  1. Choi, 2015, A 5.9-GHz Fully Integrated GaN Frontend Design With Physics-Based RF Compact Model, IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., 63, 1163, 10.1109/TMTT.2015.2405913 · DOI
  2. Wu, X., Miucic, R., Yang, S., Al-Stouhi, S., Misener, J., Bai, S., and Chan, W. (2014, January 14–17). Cars Talk to Phones: A DSRC Based Vehicle-Pedestrian Safety System. Proceedings of the 80th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Fall), Vancouver, BC, Canada. · DOI
  3. Anaya, J.J., Merdrignac, P., Shagdar, O., Nashashibi, F., and Naranjo, J.E. (2014, January 8–11). Vehicle to Pedestrian Communications for Protection of Vulnerable Road Users. Proceedings of the Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV), Dearborn, MI, USA. · DOI
  4. Sugimoto, C., Nakamura, Y., and Hashimoto, T. (2008, January 7–9). Prototype of pedestrian-to-vehicle communication system for the prevention of pedestrian accidents using both 3G and WLAN communication. Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Wireless Pervasive Computing, Santorini, Greece.
  5. Tang, S., Saito, K., and Obana, S. (2015, January 5–7). Transmission Control for Reliable Pedestrian-to-Vehicle Communication by Using Context of Pedestrians. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Vehicular Electronics and Safety, Yokohama, Japan. · DOI
  6. Liu, N., Liu, M., Cao, J., Chen, G., and Lou, W. (2010, January 21–25). When Transportation Meets Communication: V2P over VANETs. Proceedings of the 30th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS), Genova, Italy. · DOI
  7. Huang, 2016, RedEye: Preventing Collisions Caused by Red-Light-Running Scooters With Smartphones, IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst., 17, 1243, 10.1109/TITS.2015.2502142 · DOI
  8. Fujikami, S., Sumi, T., Yagiu, R., and Nagai, Y. (2015, January 9–12). Fast Device Discovery for Vehicle-to-Pedestrian Communication using Wireless LAN. Proceedings of the 12th Annual IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference (CCNC), Las Vegas, NV, USA. · DOI
  9. Sewalkar, P., Krug, S., and Seitz, J. (2017, January 6–8). Towards 802.11p-based Vehicle-to-Pedestrian Communication for Crash Prevention Systems. Proceedings of the 9th International Congress on Ultra Modern Telecommunications and Control Systems, Munich, Germany. · DOI
  10. Dhondge, K., Song, S., Choi, B.Y., and Park, H. (2014, January 18–21). WiFiHonk: Smartphone-based Beacon Stuffed WiFi Car2X-Communication System for Vulnerable Road User Safety. Proceedings of the IEEE 79th Vehicular Technology Conference, Seoul, Korea. · DOI
  11. Bhargava, B., Angin, P., and Duan, L. (2012, January 12–14). A Mobile-Cloud Pedestrian Crossing Guide for the Blind. Proceedings of the International Conference on Advances in Computing & Communication, Odisha, India.
  12. Engel, S. (2013, January 17–18). Car2Pedestrian: Protection of vulnerable road users using smartphones. Proceedings of the 17th International Forum on Advanced Microsystems for Automotive Applications, Berlin, Germany. · DOI
  13. Lee, 2016, An Energy Efficient Vehicle to Pedestrian Communication Method for Safety Applications, Wirel. Pers. Commun., 86, 1845, 10.1007/s11277-015-3160-1 · DOI
  14. David, 2010, CAR-2-X and Pedestrian Safety, Veh. Technol. Mag., 5, 70, 10.1109/MVT.2009.935536 · DOI
  15. Bagheri, 2016, Cloud-Based Pedestrian Road-Safety with Situation- Adaptive Energy-Efficient Communication, IEEE Intell. Transp. Syst. Mag., 8, 45, 10.1109/MITS.2016.2573338 · DOI
  16. Lewandowski, A., Boecker, S., Koester, V., and Wietfeld, C. (2013, January 2–3). Design and Performance Analysis of an IEEE 802.15.4 V2P Pedestrian Protection System. Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Wireless Vehicular Communications, Dresden, Germany. · DOI
  17. Liu, Z., Liu, Z., Meng, Z., Yang, X., Pu, L., and Zhang, L. (2016). Implementation and performance measurement of a V2X communication system for vehicle and pedestrian safety. Int. J. Distrib. Sens. Netw., 12. · DOI
  18. Liu, Z., Pu, L., Meng, Z., Yang, X., Zhu, K., and Zhang, L. (2015, January 19–23). POFS: A Novel Pedestrian-oriented Forewarning System for Vulnerable Pedestrian Safety. Proceedings of the International Conference on Connected Vehicles and Expo (ICCVE), Shenzhen, China. · DOI
  19. Mahjoub, 2017, Implementation and Evaluation of a Cooperative Vehicle-to-Pedestrian Safety Application, IEEE Intell. Transp. Syst. Mag., 9, 62, 10.1109/MITS.2017.2743201 · DOI · Paper page
  20. Schaffer, 2012, A cooperative transponder system for improved traffic safety, localizing road users in the 5 GHz band, Adv. Radio Sci., 10, 39, 10.5194/ars-10-39-2012 · DOI
  21. Nagai, M., Nakaoka, K., and Doi, Y. (November, January 29). Pedestrian-to-vehicle Communication Access Method and Field Test Results. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation (ISAP), Nagoys, Japan.
  22. Ho, 2017, WiSafe: Wi-Fi and Pedestrian Collision and Avoidance System, IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., 66, 4564, 10.1109/TVT.2016.2598786 · DOI
  23. Zadeh, 2018, Three-Phases Smartphone-Based Warning System to Protect Vulnerable Road Users Under Fuzzy Conditions, IEEE Trans. Intell. Trans. Syst., 19, 2086, 10.1109/TITS.2017.2743709 · DOI
  24. Lin, C.H., Chen, Y.T., Chen, J.J., Shih, W.C., and Chen, W.T. (2016, January 18–21). pSafety: A Collision Prevention System for Pedestrians Using Smartphone. Proceedings of the 84th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC-Fall), Montreal, QC, Canada. · DOI
  25. Artail, H., Khalifeh, K., and Yahfoufi, M. (2017, January 26–30). Avoiding Car-Pedestrian Collisions Using a VANET to Cellular Communication Framework. Proceedings of the 13th International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference, Valencia, Spain. · DOI
  26. Nakanishi, Y., Yamaguchi, R., Fujimoto, K., Wada, T., and Okada, H. (2010, January 7–13). A New Collision Judgment Algorithm for Pedestrian-Vehicular Collision Avoidance Support System (P-VCASS) in Advanced ITS. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Networking and Services, Cancun, Mexico. · DOI
  27. Li, C.Y., Salinas, G., Huang, P.H., Tu, G.H., Hsu, G.H., and Hsieh, T.Y. (2018, January 20–24). V2PSense: Enabling Cellular-based V2P Collision Warning Service Through Mobile Sensing. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), Kansas City, MO, USA. · DOI
  28. Merdrignac, 2017, Fusion of Perception and V2P Communication Systems for the Safety of Vulnerable Road Users, IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst., 18, 1740, 10.1109/TITS.2016.2627014 · DOI
  29. Kwakkernaat, M., Ophelders, F., Vissers, J., Willemsen, D., and Sukumar, P. (2014, January 2–6). Cooperative Automated Emergency Braking For Improved Safety Beyond Sensor Line-Of-Sight And Field-Of-View. Proceedings of the FISITA 2014 World Automotive Congress, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
  30. Thielen, D., Lorenz, T., Hannibal, M., Koster, F., and Plaettner, J. (2012, January 16–19). A Feasibility Study on a Cooperative Safety Application for Cyclists crossing Intersections. Proceedings of the 15th International IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems, Anchorage, AK, USA. · DOI
  31. Perez, 2015, V-Alert: Description and Validation of a Vulnerable Road User Alert System in the Framework of a Smart City, Sensors, 15, 18480, 10.3390/s150818480 · DOI
  32. Anaya, J.J., Talavera, E., Giménez, D., Gómez, N., Jiménez, F., and Naranjo, J.E. (2015, January 15–18). Vulnerable Road Users Detection using V2X Communications. Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems, Las Palmas, Spain. · DOI
  33. Tal, I., and Muntean, G.M. (2013, January 9–13). V2X Communication-based Power Saving Strategy for Electric Bicycles. Proceedings of the Globecom Workshop—Vehicular Network Evolution, Atlanta, GA, USA. · DOI
  34. Lu, Z.Q., Feng, Y., Yang, J., and Zheng, X.Q. (2014, January 26–28). An Improved Infrastructure Assisted V2P Protocol for VANETs. Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing (WiCOM), Beijing, China.
  35. Morris, A., Hancox, G., Martin, O., Bell, D., Johansson, C., Rosander, P., Scholliers, J., and Silla, A. (2013, January 20–21). Critical accident scenarios for cyclists and how they can be addressed through ITS solutions. Proceedings of the International Cycling Safety Conference, Helmond, The Netherlands.
  36. Rostami, A., Cheng, B., Lu, H., Kenney, J.B., and Gruteser, M. (2016, January 3–7). Performance and Channel Load Evaluation for Contextual Pedestrian-to-Vehicle Transmissions. Proceedings of the First ACM International Workshop on Smart, Autonomous, and Connected Vehicular Systems and Services, New York, NY, USA. · DOI
  37. Sommer, 2011, Bidirectionally Coupled Network and Road Traffic Simulation for Improved IVC Analysis, Trans. Mob. Comput., 10, 3, 10.1109/TMC.2010.133 · DOI
  38. Krajzewicz, 2012, Recent Development and Applications of SUMO—Simulation of Urban MObility, Int. J. Adv. Syst. Meas., 5, 128

Cited by

Sorted by citations

See all 147

Metadata

Authors
Sewalkar, P., & Seitz, J.
Affiliations
Technische Universität Ilmenau (DE)
Corresponding author
Sewalkar, Parag
ORCID
Venue
Sensors
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2019-01-17
Volume
19
Issue
2
Pages
358
ISSN
1424-8220 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/s19020358
PMC
PMC6359035
OpenAlex
W2909253672
Cited by
147
References
1
Citations by year
2026: 8 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 8
FWCI
1.00
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Sensors (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Common Library Network (Der Gemeinsame Bibliotheksverbund) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality › Traffic and Road Safety
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Automotive Engineering › IoT and GPS-based Vehicle Safety Systems
Keywords
vehicle-to-pedestrian communication, vulnerable road users, pedestrian safety, pre-crash scenarios, communication technology

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Vehicle-to-Pedestrian Communication for Vulnerable Road Users: Survey, Design Considerations, and Challenges. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.3390/s19020358
The paper
Sewalkar, P., & Seitz, J. (2019). Vehicle-to-Pedestrian Communication for Vulnerable Road Users: Survey, Design Considerations, and Challenges. Sensors. https://doi.org/10.3390/s19020358