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Cited by 95Wireless Body Area NetworksWireless Power Transfer SystemsMicrowave Imaging and Scattering Analysis

Review on medical implantable antenna technology and imminent research challenges

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Soliman, Md Mohiuddin, Chowdhury, Muhammad E. H., Khandakar, Amith, Islam, Mohammad Tariqul, Qiblawey, Yazan, Musharavati, Farayi, Zal Nezhad, Erfan·2021·Sensors
DOI 10.3390/s21093163PMC PMC8125567
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Abstract

Implantable antennas are mandatory to transfer data from implants to the external world wirelessly. Smart implants can be used to monitor and diagnose the medical conditions of the patient. The dispersion of the dielectric constant of the tissues and variability of organ structures of the human body absorb most of the antenna radiation. Consequently, implanting an antenna inside the human body is a very challenging task. The design of the antenna is required to fulfill several conditions, such as miniaturization of the antenna dimension, biocompatibility, the satisfaction of the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR), and efficient radiation characteristics. The asymmetric hostile human body environment makes implant antenna technology even more challenging. This paper aims to summarize the recent implantable antenna technologies for medical applications and highlight the major research challenges. Also, it highlights the required technology and the frequency band, and the factors that can affect the radio frequency propagation through human body tissue. It includes a demonstration of a parametric literature investigation of the implantable antennas developed. Furthermore, fabrication and implantation methods of the antenna inside the human body are summarized elaborately. This extensive summary of the medical implantable antenna technology will help in understanding the prospects and challenges of this technology.

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  • The FCC has earmarked the 401-406 MHz bands for Medical Device Radio Communication Service, with channel bandwidths between 100 and 300 kHz.

    “Furthermore, the FCC has earmarked the 401–406 MHz bands for Medical Device Radio Communication Service (MDRC), with varying channel bandwidths between 100 and 300 kHz (Hardell and Sage, 2008; Stam, 2018; Soliman et al., 2021).”

    From Comparative analysis of energy transfer mechanisms for neural implants (2024) · cites this paper as Soliman et al., 2021

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Authors
Soliman, M. M., Chowdhury, M. E. H., Khandakar, A., Islam, M. T., Qiblawey, Y., Musharavati, F., & Zal Nezhad, E.
Affiliations
  • National University of Malaysia (MY)
  • Qatar University (QA)
  • Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
Corresponding author
  • Chowdhury, Muhammad E. H.
  • Musharavati, Farayi
ORCID
Venue
Sensors
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2021-05-02
Volume
21
Issue
9
Pages
3163
ISSN
1424-8220 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/s21093163
PMC
PMC8125567
OpenAlex
W3159595331
Cited by
95
References
96
Citations by year
2026: 17 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 4
FWCI
1.18
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Sensors (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • Qatar University QSpace (Qatar University) (submittedVersion)
Funders
Qatar National Research Fund (NPRP11S-0102-180178)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Wireless Body Area Networks
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Wireless Power Transfer Systems
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis
Keywords
implantable antenna, biomedical implants, wireless data transmission, biocompatibility, specific absorption rate, antenna miniaturization, tissue dielectric constant, antenna fabrication, smart implants
MeSH terms
Humans, Miniaturization, Radio Waves, Prostheses and Implants, Wireless Technology

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