Key Challenges and Emerging Technologies in Industrial IoT Architectures: A Review
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Abstract
The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is bringing evolution with remote monitoring, intelligent analytics, and control of industrial processes. However, as the industrial world is currently in its initial stage of adopting full-stack development solutions with IIoT, there is a need to address the arising challenges. In this regard, researchers have proposed IIoT architectures based on different architectural layers and emerging technologies for the end-to-end integration of IIoT systems. In this paper, we review and compare three widely accepted IIoT reference architectures and present a state-of-the-art review of conceptual and experimental IIoT architectures from the literature. We identified scalability, interoperability, security, privacy, reliability, and low latency as the main IIoT architectural requirements and detailed how the current architectures address these challenges by using emerging technologies such as edge/fog computing, blockchain, SDN, 5G, Machine Learning, and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). Finally, we discuss the relation between the current challenges and emergent technologies and present some opportunities and directions for future research work.
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The present methods for time-slotted packet scheduling, frequently used in IIoT systems to achieve appropriate Quality of Service (QoS), are hampered by network overhead and scalability issues.
“The present methods for time-slotted packet scheduling, which are frequently used in IIoT systems to achieve the appropriate Quality of Service (QoS), are hampered by network overhead and scalability issues [37].”
From A Critical Overview of Industrial Internet of Things Security and Privacy Issues Using a Layer-Based Hacking Scenario (2023) · cites this paper as [37]
Section 3.3 discusses QoS-based communication and scalability in IIoT architectures, but does not address time-slotted packet scheduling or attribute network overhead and scalability problems to those methods. Searches for time-slotted scheduling, packet scheduling, and network overhead found no passage establishing the claim. (LLM, conf=0.74)
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References 101 · Cited by 119
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [38]Wang Y. Towara T. Anderl R. Topological Approach for Mapping Technologies in Reference Architectural Model Industrie 4.0 (RAMI 4.0) Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science San Francisco, CA, USA 25–27 October 2017
- Authors
- Mirani, A. A., Velasco-Hernandez, G., Awasthi, A., & Walsh, J.
- Affiliations
- Munster Technological University (IE)
- University of Limerick (IE)
- Corresponding author
- Mirani, Akseer Ali
- Velasco-Hernandez, Gustavo
- Venue
- Sensors
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2022-08-04
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 15
- Pages
- 5836
- ISSN
- 1424-8220 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9371229
- OpenAlex
- W4289941885
- Cited by
- 119
- References
- 101
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 6
- FWCI
- 2.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Sensors (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Preprints.org (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- University of Limerick Institutional Repository (University of Limerick) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- University of Limerick Institutional Repository (University of Limerick)
- Funders
- Science Foundation Ireland (16/RC/3918, 13/RC/2094_P2, 754489)
- European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (16/RC/3918, 13/RC/2094_P2, 754489)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering › Digital Transformation in Industry
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Networks and Communications › IoT and Edge/Fog Computing
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advanced Data and IoT Technologies
- Keywords
- Industrial Internet of Things, IIoT architecture, reference architecture, scalability, interoperability, security (computing), privacy, reliability, low latency, edge computing, fog computing, blockchain, software-defined networking, 5G, machine learning, wireless sensor networks, industrial process monitoring
- MeSH terms
- Internet of Things, Blockchain, Reproducibility of Results, Computer Security, Privacy
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