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Cited by 29Water Quality Monitoring and AnalysisSpectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical ResearchBacterial Identification and Susceptibility Testing

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Concentration vs. Optical Density of ESKAPEE Bacteria: A Method to Determine the Optimum Measurement Wavelength

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Wacogne, Bruno, Belinger Podevin, Marine, Vaccari, Naïs, Koubevi, Claudia, Codjiová, Céline, Gutierrez, Emilie, Davoine, Lucie, Robert-Nicoud, Marjorie, Rouleau, Alain, Frelet-Barrand, Annie·2024·Sensors
DOI 10.3390/s24248160PMC PMC11679885
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Abstract

Optical density measurement has been used for decades to determine the microorganism concentration and more rarely for mammalian cells. Although this measurement can be carried out at any wavelength, studies report a limited number of measurement wavelengths, mainly around 600 nm, and no consensus seems to be emerging to propose an objective method for determining the optimum measurement wavelength for each microorganism. In this article, we propose a method for analyzing the absorbance spectra of ESKAPEE bacteria and determining the optimum measurement wavelength for each of them. The method is based on the analysis of the signal-to-noise ratio of the relationships between concentrations and optical densities when the measurement wavelength varies over the entire spectral range of the absorbance spectra measured for each bacterium. These optimum wavelengths range from 612 nm for Enterococcus faecium to 705 nm for Acinetobacter baumannii. The method can be directly applied to any bacteria, any culture method, and also to any biochemical substance with an absorbance spectrum without any particular feature such as an identified maximum.

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Figure 1 Examples of OD spectra recorded for (a) E. coli, (b) S. aureus, and (c) K. pneumoniae. Legends report concentration for each spectrum.
Figure 1 Examples of OD spectra recorded for (a) E. coli, (b) S. aureus, and (c) K. pneumoniae. Legends report concentration for each spectrum.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 2 Examples of OD vs. concentration for (a) E. coli, (b) S. aureus, and (c) K. pneumoniae. ODs were measured from spectra in Figure 1 at 600 nm wavelength.
Figure 2 Examples of OD vs. concentration for (a) E. coli, (b) S. aureus, and (c) K. pneumoniae. ODs were measured from spectra in Figure 1 at 600 nm wavelength.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 3 Examples of wavelength-dependent slopes for E. coli, S. aureus, and K. pneumoniae.
Figure 3 Examples of wavelength-dependent slopes for E. coli, S. aureus, and K. pneumoniae.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 4 Wavelength-dependent R2 values obtained when fitting data with Equation (1).
Figure 4 Wavelength-dependent R2 values obtained when fitting data with Equation (1).CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 5 Examples of wavelength-dependent bacteria concentrations for E. coli, S. aureus, and K. pneumoniae calculated at OD = 0.5.
Figure 5 Examples of wavelength-dependent bacteria concentrations for E. coli, S. aureus, and K. pneumoniae calculated at OD = 0.5.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 6 Examples of noise extraction for (a) E. coli, (b) S. aureus, and (c) K. pneumoniae. Black curve: extracted noise. Blue curves: ‘rms’ envelopes.
Figure 6 Examples of noise extraction for (a) E. coli, (b) S. aureus, and (c) K. pneumoniae. Black curve: extracted noise. Blue curves: ‘rms’ envelopes.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 7 Signal to noise ratios obtained for ESKAPEE bacteria.
Figure 7 Signal to noise ratios obtained for ESKAPEE bacteria.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 8 Optimum measurement wavelengths and corresponding SNRs for ESKAPEE bacteria.
Figure 8 Optimum measurement wavelengths and corresponding SNRs for ESKAPEE bacteria.CC BY · PubMed Central

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Metadata

Authors
Wacogne, B., Belinger Podevin, M., Vaccari, N., Koubevi, C., Codjiová, C., Gutierrez, E., Davoine, L., Robert-Nicoud, M., Rouleau, A., & Frelet-Barrand, A.
Affiliations
  • Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
  • Institut FEMTO-ST, Université de Franche-Comté, CNRS, F-25000 Besançon, France
  • Smaltis, Bioinnovation, Rue Charles Bried, 25030 Besançon, France
Corresponding author
Wacogne, Bruno
ORCID
Venue
Sensors
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2024-12-21
Volume
24
Issue
24
Pages
8160
ISSN
1424-8220 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/s24248160
PMC
PMC11679885
OpenAlex
W4405721350
Cited by
29
References
24
Citations by year
2026: 18 · 2025: 11
FWCI
7.85
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Sensors (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
EU (DOS0060162/00, BFC000802)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Waste Management and Disposal › Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biophysics › Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Microbiology (medical) › Bacterial Identification and Susceptibility Testing
Keywords
optical density, optical absorption spectra, signal-to-noise ratio, bacterial concentration, Enterococcus faecium, Acinetobacter baumannii, spectrophotometry
MeSH terms
Bacteria, Enterococcus faecium, Acinetobacter baumannii, Signal-To-Noise Ratio

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Concentration vs. Optical Density of ESKAPEE Bacteria: A Method to Determine the Optimum Measurement Wavelength. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.3390/s24248160
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Wacogne, B., Belinger Podevin, M., Vaccari, N., Koubevi, C., Codjiová, C., Gutierrez, E., Davoine, L., Robert-Nicoud, M., Rouleau, A., & Frelet-Barrand, A. (2024). Concentration vs. Optical Density of ESKAPEE Bacteria: A Method to Determine the Optimum Measurement Wavelength. Sensors. https://doi.org/10.3390/s24248160