A Hierarchical Pyramid for Food Waste Based on a Social Innovation Perspective
Open accessAbstract
Food waste (FW) represents one of the greatest concerns facing mankind today; thus, the UN Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development establishes that it must be halved by 2030. European Union legislators have taken part in this debate by publishing Directive 2018/851 to monitor the FW reduction goals, according to the waste hierarchical pyramid approach. At present, there are several proposed FW hierarchical pyramids, but these do not regard the associations between the level of waste-tackling strategies and social innovation (SI) models. Thus, the paper aims to build a hierarchical pyramid that considers, for each step of the food-supply chain and each level of the pyramid, all the FW social innovation models. A qualitative analysis of academic studies, institutional documents, and specific projects has been conducted. The results confirm the gap in the scientific literature and the lack of a systematic classification of SI activities to reduce FW. Furthermore, current SI practices are actually more focused on the human reuse of FW than on prevention, whereas SI models based on prevention might return the FWL issue to its systematic dimension. This information will help policymakers to reconsider the structural causes of FW inside the agro-food system, and not only its final consequences.
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Saudis are more likely to express extrinsic religiosity and less likely to express intrinsic religiosity due to other factors such as culture or social pressure.
“This also means that Saudis are more likely to express extrinsic religiosity and less likely to express intrinsic religiosity due to other factors such as culture or social pressure [76,77].”
From The Impact of Religiosity and Food Consumption Culture on Food Waste Intention in Saudi Arabia (2021) · cites this paper as [77]
The paper’s Final Considerations and Conclusions discuss social innovation and food-waste reduction, not religious orientation among Saudis. Searches for intrinsic and extrinsic religiosity, Saudis, and cultural or social pressure found no passage addressing the claim. (LLM, conf=0.78)
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References 72 · Cited by 22
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- Authors
- Lombardi, M., & Costantino, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Foggia (IT)
- APS Farina 080 Onlus, 70121 Bari, Italy
- Corresponding author
- Lombardi, Mariarosaria
- Venue
- Sustainability
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2021-04-22
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 4661
- ISSN
- 2071-1050 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3156275377
- Cited by
- 22
- References
- 72
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 3
- FWCI
- 2.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Sustainability (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Food Waste Reduction and Sustainability
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Waste Management and Disposal › Waste Management and Recycling
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Agriculture Sustainability and Environmental Impact
- Keywords
- food waste, social innovation, waste hierarchy, food waste reduction, food supply chain, food waste prevention, food waste reuse, agri-food systems, SDG 12
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