The DOI matches its Crossref record; 120 of the 120 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Green Artificial Intelligence: Towards an Efficient, Sustainable and Equitable Technology for Smart Cities and Futures
Open accessAbstract
Smart cities and artificial intelligence (AI) are among the most popular discourses in urban policy circles. Most attempts at using AI to improve efficiencies in cities have nevertheless either struggled or failed to accomplish the smart city transformation. This is mainly due to short-sighted, technologically determined and reductionist AI approaches being applied to complex urbanization problems. Besides this, as smart cities are underpinned by our ability to engage with our environments, analyze them, and make efficient, sustainable and equitable decisions, the need for a green AI approach is intensified. This perspective paper, reflecting authors’ opinions and interpretations, concentrates on the “green AI” concept as an enabler of the smart city transformation, as it offers the opportunity to move away from purely technocentric efficiency solutions towards efficient, sustainable and equitable solutions capable of realizing the desired urban futures. The aim of this perspective paper is two-fold: first, to highlight the fundamental shortfalls in mainstream AI system conceptualization and practice, and second, to advocate the need for a consolidated AI approach—i.e., green AI—to further support smart city transformation. The methodological approach includes a thorough appraisal of the current AI and smart city literatures, practices, developments, trends and applications. The paper informs authorities and planners on the importance of the adoption and deployment of AI systems that address efficiency, sustainability and equity issues in cities.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The use of AI applications to enhance urban efficiencies involves struggles in accomplishing the transformative changes to smart cities due to “the short-sighted, technologically determined, and reductionist AI approaches being applied to complex…problems” (Yigitcanlar et al. 2021).”
From Environmentally sustainable smart cities and their converging AI, IoT, and big data technologies and solutions: an integrated approach to an extensive literature review (2023) · cites this paper as Yigitcanlar et al. 2021
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The global landscape of AI ethics guidelines
Jobin, A., Ienca, M., & Vayena, E. (2019) · Nature Machine Intelligence · doi:10.1038/s42256-019-0088-2 · Cited by 6,220
Floridi, L., Cowls, J., Beltrametti, M., Chatila, R., Chazerand, P., Dignum, V., Luetge, C., Madelin, R., Pagallo, U., Rossi, F., et al. (2018) · Minds and Machines · doi:10.1007/s11023-018-9482-5 · Cited by 4,774 · cited 1×
“Subsequently, in recent years, attempts to provide a more holistic perspective on AI have resulted in a number of new AI conceptualizations [48].”
BackgroundDwivedi, Y. K., Hughes, L., Ismagilova, E., Aarts, G., Coombs, C., Crick, T., Duan, Y., Dwivedi, R., Edwards, J., Eirug, A., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Information Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2019.08.002 · Cited by 4,611 · cited 2×
“[65] listed fairness and equity, accountability and legal issues, ethics, misuse protection, transparency and auditing, and digital divides and data deficits as the fundamental public and environmental policy challenges of AI.”
BackgroundThe role of artificial intelligence in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals
Vinuesa, R., Azizpour, H., Leite, I., Balaam, M., Dignum, V., Domisch, S., Felländer, A., Langhans, S. D., Tegmark, M., & Fuso Nerini, F. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-019-14108-y · Cited by 3,294
6G Wireless Networks: Vision, Requirements, Architecture, and Key Technologies
Zhang, Z., Xiao, Y., Ma, Z., Xiao, M., Ding, Z., Lei, X., Karagiannidis, G. K., & Fan, P. (2019) · IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine · doi:10.1109/mvt.2019.2921208 · Cited by 2,575
Toward 6G Networks: Use Cases and Technologies
Giordani, M., Polese, M., Mezzavilla, M., Rangan, S., & Zorzi, M. (2020) · IEEE Communications Magazine · doi:10.1109/mcom.001.1900411 · Cited by 2,241
The Roadmap to 6G: AI Empowered Wireless Networks
Letaief, K. B., Chen, W., Shi, Y., Zhang, J., & Zhang, Y.-J. A. (2019) · IEEE Communications Magazine · doi:10.1109/mcom.2019.1900271 · Cited by 2,207
The Ethics of AI Ethics: An Evaluation of Guidelines
Hagendorff, T. (2020) · Minds and Machines · doi:10.1007/s11023-020-09517-8 · Cited by 1,911
The Ethics of AI Ethics -- An Evaluation of Guidelines
Hagendorff, T. (2019) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1903.03425 · Cited by 1,907
Schwartz, R., Dodge, J., Smith, N. A., & Etzioni, O. (2020) · Communications of the ACM · doi:10.1145/3381831 · Cited by 1,647
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Kirwan, C., and Fu, Z. (2020). Smart Cities and Artificial Intelligence: Convergent Systems for Planning, Design, and Operations, Elsevier.
- Jothiswaran, 2020, Jayaraman, R. Application of artificial intelligence in fisheries and aquaculture, Biot. Res. Today, 2, 499
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Artificial intelligence for waste management in smart cities: a review
Fang, B., Yu, J., Chen, Z., Osman, A. I., Farghali, M., Ihara, I., Hamza, E. H., Rooney, D. W., & Yap, P.-S. (2023) · Environmental Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1007/s10311-023-01604-3 · Cited by 629
Opportunities and Adoption Challenges of AI in the Construction Industry: A PRISMA Review
Regona, M., Yiğitcanlar, T., Xia, B., & Li, R. Y. M. (2022) · Journal of Open Innovation Technology Market and Complexity · doi:10.3390/joitmc8010045 · Cited by 696
Bibri, S. E., Alexandre, A., Sharifi, A., & Krogstie, J. (2023) · Energy Informatics · doi:10.1186/s42162-023-00259-2 · Cited by 299
Bradu, P., Biswas, A., Nair, C., Sreevalsakumar, S., Patil, M., Kannampuzha, S., Mukherjee, A. G., Wanjari, U. R., Renu, K., Vellingiri, B., et al. (2022) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-022-20024-4 · Cited by 327
RetractedRegona, M., Yiğitcanlar, T., Hon, C. K. H., & Teo, M. M. (2024) · Sustainable Cities and Society · doi:10.1016/j.scs.2024.105499 · Cited by 322
Metadata
- Authors
- Yigitcanlar, T., Mehmood, R., & Corchado, J. M.
- Affiliations
- School of Architecture and Built Environment, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- King Abdulaziz University (SA)
- Universidad de Salamanca (ES)
- Venue
- Sustainability
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2021-08-10
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 16
- Pages
- 8952
- ISSN
- 2071-1050 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3192495768
- Cited by
- 319
- References
- 119
- Citations by year
- 2026: 71 · 2025: 82 · 2024: 76 · 2023: 47 · 2022: 39 · 2021: 4
- FWCI
- 18.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Sustainability (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- QUT ePrints (Queensland University of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Urban Studies › Smart Cities and Technologies
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Ethics and Social Impacts of AI
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Artificial Intelligence Applications
- Keywords
- green AI, smart cities, urban sustainability, urban equity, AI efficiency, urban planning, urban future, technocentrism, urbanization
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
