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Cited by 25Viral Infections and Immunology ResearchCOVID-19 Clinical Research StudiesTakotsubo Cardiomyopathy and Associated Phenomena

COVID-19 Associated Myocarditis Clinical Outcomes among Hospitalized Patients in the United States: A Propensity Matched Analysis of National Inpatient Sample

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Davis, Monique G., Bobba, Aniesh, Chourasia, Prabal, Gangu, Karthik, Shuja, Hina, Dandachi, Dima, Farooq, Asif, Avula, Sindhu Reddy +2 more·2022·Viruses
DOI 10.3390/v14122791PMC PMC9785561
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Abstract

Coronavirus-19 (COVID-19), preliminarily a respiratory virus, can affect multiple organs, including the heart. Myocarditis is a well-known complication among COVID-19 infections, with limited large-scale studies evaluating outcomes associated with COVID-19-related Myocarditis. We used the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database to compare COVID-19 patients with and without Myocarditis. A total of 1,659,040 patients were included in the study: COVID-19 with Myocarditis (n = 6,455, 0.4%) and COVID-19 without Myocarditis (n = 1,652,585, 99.6%). The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included mechanical ventilation, vasopressor use, sudden cardiac arrest, cardiogenic shock, acute kidney injury requiring hemodialysis, length of stay, health care utilization costs, and disposition. We conducted a secondary analysis with propensity matching to confirm results obtained by traditional multivariate analysis. COVID-19 patients with Myocarditis had significantly higher in-hospital mortality compared to COVID-19 patients without Myocarditis (30.5% vs. 13.1%, adjusted OR: 3 [95% CI 2.1–4.2], p < 0.001). This cohort also had significantly increased cardiogenic shock, acute kidney injury requiring hemodialysis, sudden cardiac death, required more mechanical ventilation and vasopressor support and higher hospitalization cost. Vaccination and more research for treatment strategies will be critical for reducing worse outcomes in patients with COVID-19-related Myocarditis.

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  • Myocarditis occurs predominantly in male patients aged 12 to 40 years regardless of whether the cause was virus-like SARS-CoV-2 or associated with a vaccine.

    “Importantly, the findings highlight that myocarditis occurs predominantly in male patients aged 12 to 40 years regardless of whether the cause was due to a virus-like SARS-CoV-2 or associated with a vaccine-a demographic that has been reported before COVID-19.”

    From COVID-19, Myocarditis and Pericarditis (2023) · cites this paper as [104]

    The Demographics and Baseline Comorbidities section reports that 61.4% of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and myocarditis were male, supporting the male predominance for that group. The paper does not establish that myocarditis occurs predominantly at ages 12–40 or that the same demographic pattern holds for vaccine-associated myocarditis; its vaccination discussion addresses risk, not that age-and-sex pattern. Page numbers were not provided in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.88)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Myocarditis typically occurs more often in young men aged 16 to 30 years, and the sex ratio for COVID-19 studies is typically observed to be 60% men to 40% women.

    “Myocarditis typically occurs more often in young men aged 16 to 30 years, and the sex ratio for COVID-19 studies is typically observed to be 60% men to 40% women.”

    From COVID-19, Myocarditis and Pericarditis (2023) · cites this paper as [104]

    The Demographics and Baseline Comorbidities section reports that 61.4% of hospitalized patients with COVID-19-associated myocarditis were male; the Discussion also cites studies reporting 59.3% and 58% male. Neither section establishes that myocarditis typically occurs more often specifically among men aged 16–30. (LLM, conf=0.88)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • COVID-19-associated myocarditis occurs more often in men than women (60%-70% men to 30%-40% women).

    “Similarly, myocarditis associated with COVID-19 occurs more often in men than in women (60%-70% men to 30%-40% women). 103-105”

    From COVID-19, Myocarditis and Pericarditis (2023) · cites this paper as [104]

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Authors
Davis, M. G., Bobba, A., Chourasia, P., Gangu, K., Shuja, H., Dandachi, D., Farooq, A., Avula, S. R., Shekhar, R., & Sheikh, A. B.
Affiliations
  • University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center (US)
  • John H. Stroger, Jr. Hospital of Cook County (US)
  • Mary Washington Hospital (US)
  • University of Kansas Medical Center (US)
  • Karachi Medical and Dental College (PK)
  • University of Missouri (US)
  • Texas Tech University (US)
  • University of Kansas (US)
Corresponding author
Sheikh, Abu Baker
ORCID
Venue
Viruses
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2022-12-14
Volume
14
Issue
12
Pages
2791
ISSN
1999-4915 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/v14122791
PMC
PMC9785561
OpenAlex
W4311510793
Cited by
25
References
55
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 11
FWCI
3.83
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Viruses (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Viral Infections and Immunology Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy and Associated Phenomena
Keywords
COVID-19 pandemic, myocarditis, in-hospital mortality, cardiogenic shock, acute kidney injury, mechanical ventilation, vasopressor use, sudden cardiac arrest, hospital costs, hospitalized patients, COVID-19 vaccination
MeSH terms
COVID-19, Humans, Inpatients, Myocarditis, Retrospective Studies, Shock, Cardiogenic, United States, Acute Kidney Injury

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