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Field-Monitoring Sediment Basin Performance during Highway Construction
Open accessAbstract
Stormwater regulations require erosion and sediment control practices to be implemented during construction to prevent discharging polluted water offsite and mitigate downstream effects. Sediment basins are a common practice used to detain suspended sediment from stormwater runoff by providing residence time and storage to promote gravitational settling. Sediment basin design, and thus pollutant removal efficiency, vary regionally due to local design standards and preferences. This manuscript presents the results of a case study from Highway U.S. 30 construction in Tama County, Iowa, USA where two sediment basin systems were created within a conveyance channel by constructing an earthen berm across the channel to detain sediment-laden stormwater. A dewatering riser pipe was routed through the earthen berm to provide primary dewatering. The in-channel sediment basin was constructed with a 3% slope and a 10 ft. bottom width. The first system consisted of one basin created by a single earthen berm damming sediment-laden runoff, whereas the second system included two earthen berms, creating two in-channel sediment basins in series. Field monitoring was conducted on in-situ basins by deploying a rain gauge and automated water samplers positioned at the inflow and discharge points of a (a) single basin and (b) two basins in series within a roadside channel. During the monitoring period, no maintenance or dredging was recorded. Water samples were taken from the monitored basins at regular time intervals and analyzed for turbidity. Inflow turbidities often reached magnitudes up to the 103 NTU and discharge samples indicated negligible turbidity reduction after residence. On several occasions, the in-channel sediment basins acted as a sediment source, with discharge turbidities measuring higher than inflow. Despite their initial performance, there was interest in improving the in-channel basin design due to the potential to maximize length-to-width flow ratios, and use of existing infrastructure, which reduced the amount of right of way needed for basin construction, installation time and cost. As a result, several potential design improvements and techniques were recommended to enhance in-channel sediment basin performance.
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GSI installed in series in a treatment train could manage large stormwater energy gradients and pollutant concentrations.
“To that end, GSI installed in series in what is known as a ' treatment train ' could be a way to manage large stormwater energy gradients and pollutant concentrations (Drapper and Hornbuckle 2018; Osman et al. 2020; Schussler et al. 2022).”
From Green Infrastructure in Series to Treat Stormwater Runoff from a Highway Overpass (2024) · cites this paper as Schussler et al. 2022
The Design Recommendations section (p. unavailable) makes the contrary recommendation: eliminate the basins-in-series design and use the area to lengthen a single basin. It also says the monitored basins provided negligible, inconsistent water-quality treatment. The paper does not assess the broader claim about large stormwater energy gradients. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredMedian and mean total suspended solids concentrations exceed 500 mg/L for highway construction runoff.
“For example, median and mean TSS concentrations have been found to exceed 500 mg = L for highway construction runoff (Kayhanian et al. 2000; Schussler et al. 2022)”
From Green Infrastructure in Series to Treat Stormwater Runoff from a Highway Overpass (2024) · cites this paper as Schussler et al. 2022
Section 4.1 (Single Basin; page unavailable) reports that inflow turbidity regularly reached about 1,000 NTU and sometimes 10,000 NTU; Section 3.1 gives a site-specific relationship for estimating solids concentrations from turbidity. Those passages indicate high sediment levels at the monitored site, but they do not report that either the median or mean TSS concentration exceeded 500 mg/L, or establish that threshold for highway construction runoff generally. (LLM, conf=0.78)
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Green Infrastructure in Series to Treat Stormwater Runoff from a Highway Overpass
Bodus, B., Branca, J., & McDonald, W. (2024) · Journal of Sustainable Water in the Built Environment · doi:10.1061/jswbay.sweng-569 · Cited by 2
Metadata
- Authors
- Schussler, J. C., Perez, M. A., Whitman, J. B., & Cetin, B.
- Affiliations
- Oklahoma State University (US)
- Auburn University (US)
- Middle Tennessee State University (US)
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Corresponding author
- Schussler, Jaime C.
- Venue
- Water
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2022-11-27
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 23
- Pages
- 3858
- ISSN
- 2073-4441 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4310203504
- Cited by
- 6
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1
- FWCI
- 0.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Water (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Iowa Department of Transportation and the Federal Highway Administration (18-SPR-001)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Urban Stormwater Management Solutions
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil erosion and sediment transport
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Earth-Surface Processes › Hydrology and Sediment Transport Processes
- Keywords
- sedimentation tank, road construction, stormwater runoff, erosion and sediment control, turbidity removal, sediment settling, sediment sources, Tama County, Iowa
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