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Spatio-Temporal Variations and Source Apportionment of Water Pollution in Danjiangkou Reservoir Basin, Central China

Chen, Pan, Li, Lan, Zhang, Hongbin·2015·Water
DOI 10.3390/w7062591
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Abstract

Understanding the spatio-temporal variation and the potential source of water pollution could greatly improve our knowledge of human impacts on the environment. In this work, data of 11 water quality indices were collected during 2012–2014 at 10 monitoring sites in the mainstream and major tributaries of the Danjiangkou Reservoir Basin, Central China. The fuzzy comprehensive assessment (FCA), the cluster analysis (CA) and the discriminant analysis (DA) were used to assess the water pollution status and analyze its spatio-temporal variation. Ten sites were classified by the high pollution (HP) region and the low pollution (LP) region, while 12 months were divided into the wet season and the dry season. It was found that the HP region was mainly in the small tributaries with small drainage areas and low average annual discharges, and it was also found that most of these rivers went through urban areas with industrial and domestic sewages input into the water body. Principal component analysis/factor analysis (PCA/FA) was applied to reveal potential pollution sources, whereas absolute principal component score-multiple linear regression (APCS-MLR) was used to identify their contributions to each water quality variable. The study area was found as being generally affected by industrial and domestic sewage. Furthermore, the HP region was polluted by chemical industries, and the LP region was influenced by agricultural and livestock sewage.

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Figure 1 Study area and monitoring sites.
Figure 1 Study area and monitoring sites.CC-BY · From the PDF
Figure 2 Dendrograms showing ( a ) spatial clustering of sampling sites and ( b ) temporal clustering of monitoring periods.
Figure 2 Dendrograms showing ( a ) spatial clustering of sampling sites and ( b ) temporal clustering of monitoring periods.CC-BY · From the PDF
Figure 3 Spatial variations: ( a ) pH; ( b ) CODMn; ( c ) BOD5; ( d ) NH4 + -N; and ( e ) F -in Danjiangkou Reservoir Basin.
Figure 3 Spatial variations: ( a ) pH; ( b ) CODMn; ( c ) BOD5; ( d ) NH4 + -N; and ( e ) F -in Danjiangkou Reservoir Basin.CC-BY · From the PDF
Figure 4 Temporal variations: ( a ) Temp; ( b ) DO, and ( c ) CODMn in Danjiangkou Reservoir Basin.
Figure 4 Temporal variations: ( a ) Temp; ( b ) DO, and ( c ) CODMn in Danjiangkou Reservoir Basin.CC-BY · From the PDF
Figure 5 ( a ) Source contribution (%) to each variable in the high pollution (HP) region: Un = unexplained sources; S1 = pollution from industrial effluent, domestic sewage, and agricultural activities; S2 = pollution from chemical industrial activities; S3 = natural factors; ( b ) Source contribution (%) to each variable in the low pollution (LP) region: Un = unexplained sources; S1 = pollution from industrial effluent and domestic sewage; S2 = pollution from local livestock farm; S3 = natural factors; S4 = pollution from agricultural runoff.
Figure 5 ( a ) Source contribution (%) to each variable in the high pollution (HP) region: Un = unexplained sources; S1 = pollution from industrial effluent, domestic sewage, and agricultural activities; S2 = pollution from chemical industrial activities; S3 = natural factors; ( b ) Source contribution (%) to each variable in the low pollution (LP) region: Un = unexplained sources; S1 = pollution from industrial effluent and domestic sewage; S2 = pollution from local livestock farm; S3 = natural factors; S4 = pollution from agricultural runoff.CC-BY · From the PDF

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Metadata

Authors
Chen, P., Li, L., & Zhang, H.
Venue
Water
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2015-05-27
Volume
7
Issue
6
Pages
2591-2611
ISSN
2073-4441
DOI
10.3390/w7062591
Cited by
54
References
0
Language
en
Licence
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Funders
“948 Project” of the Ministry of Water Resources of China (Grant No. 201434)

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Spatio-Temporal Variations and Source Apportionment of Water Pollution in Danjiangkou Reservoir Basin, Central China. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.3390/w7062591
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Chen, P., Li, L., & Zhang, H. (2015). Spatio-Temporal Variations and Source Apportionment of Water Pollution in Danjiangkou Reservoir Basin, Central China. Water. https://doi.org/10.3390/w7062591