Is it getting easier to obtain antibiotics in the UK?

Abstract

Public knowledge and understanding of antibiotics are poor, with only 56% of the UK general public aware that antibiotics cannot kill viruses,1 and those with poorer knowledge are more likely to use them.1 Clinical assessment therefore remains a vital step in assessing the need for and safety of antibiotics, and an essential opportunity for education about appropriate use, antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and self-care. In the UK, antibiotics are, with very few exceptions, only prescribable by doctors or other health professionals with prescribing qualifications. This has meant that, until recently, access to antibiotics has been possible only through face-to-face medical assessment in primary or secondary care, providing a significant disincentive to seeking antibiotics unnecessarily. Inappropriate prescribing of antibiotics in UK primary care remains of concern,2 but antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) initiatives are having a measurable effect, with prescribing rates falling in response to interventions.3 However, novel routes to obtaining antibiotics, associated with either a lower threshold for prescribing or issuing of antibiotics without medical assessment, undermine these strategies and are likely to increase inappropriate use. Workforce shortage and increasing demand in primary care has led many NHS providers to try alternatives to face-to-face appointments as a means of managing workload. Telephone consultations are now commonplace in NHS primary care, and continued government pressure for greater integration of technology means that many practices give patients the option of sending queries to their GP via email or online forms. Public demand for more convenient access …