The DOI matches its Crossref record; 115 of the 115 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Techniques of assessing small airways dysfunction
Open accessAbstract
The small airways are defined as those less than 2 mm in diameter. They are a major site of pathology in many lung diseases, not least chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. The small airways are frequently involved early in the course of these diseases, with significant pathology demonstrable often before the onset of symptoms or changes in spirometry and imaging. Despite their importance, they have proven relatively difficult to study. This is in part due to their relative inaccessibility to biopsy and their small size which makes their imaging difficult. Traditional lung function tests may only become abnormal once there is a significant burden of disease within them. This has led to the term 'the quiet zone' of the lung. In recent years, more specialised tests have been developed which may detect these changes earlier, perhaps offering the possibility of earlier diagnosis and intervention. These tests are now moving from the realms of clinical research laboratories into routine clinical practice and are increasingly useful in the diagnosis and monitoring of respiratory diseases. This article gives an overview of small airways physiology and some of the routine and more advanced tests of airway function.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Vestbo, J., Hurd, S. S., Agustí, A. G., Jones, P. W., Vogelmeier, C., Anzueto, A., Barnes, P. J., Fabbri, L. M., Martinez, F. J., Nishimura, M., et al. (2013) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.201204-0596pp · Cited by 15,983
Interpretative strategies for lung function tests
Pellegrino, R., Viegi, G., Brusasco, V., Crapo, R. O., Burgos, F., Casaburi, R., Coates, A., van der Grinten, C. P. M., Gustafsson, P., Hankinson, J., et al. (2005) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/09031936.05.00035205 · Cited by 5,945
Rabe, K. F., Hurd, S., Anzueto, A., Barnes, P. J., Buist, S. A., Calverley, P., Fukuchi, Y., Jenkins, C., Rodriguez-Roisin, R., van Weel, C., et al. (2007) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.200703-456so · Cited by 4,925
The Nature of Small-Airway Obstruction in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Hogg, J. C., Chu, F., Utokaparch, S., Woods, R., Elliott, W. M., Buzatu, L., Cherniack, R. M., Rogers, R. M., Sciurba, F. C., Coxson, H. O., et al. (2004) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa032158 · Cited by 3,782
Oostveen, E., MacLeod, D., Lorino, H., Farré, R., Hantos, Z., Desager, K., & Marchal, F. (2003) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/09031936.03.00089403 · Cited by 1,302
Pathophysiology of airflow limitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Hogg, J. C. (2004) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(04)16900-6 · Cited by 1,294
Small-Airway Obstruction and Emphysema in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
McDonough, J. E., Yuan, R., Suzuki, M., Seyednejad, N., Elliott, W. M., Sanchez, P. G., Wright, A. C., Gefter, W. B., Litzky, L., Coxson, H. O., et al. (2011) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1106955 · Cited by 1,207
Site and Nature of Airway Obstruction in Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease
Hogg, J. C., Macklem, P. T., & Thurlbeck, W. M. (1968) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm196806202782501 · Cited by 1,054
The Relations between Structural Changes in Small Airways and Pulmonary-Function Tests
Cosio, M., Ghezzo, H., Hogg, J. C., Corbin, R., Loveland, M., Dosman, J., & Macklem, P. T. (1978) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm197806082982303 · Cited by 880
The Pathology of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Hogg, J. C., & Timens, W. (2009) · Annual Review of Pathology: Mechanisms of Disease · doi:10.1146/annurev.pathol.4.110807.092145 · Cited by 845
Metadata
- Authors
- McNulty, W., & Usmani, O. S.
- Venue
- European Clinical Respiratory Journal
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2014-01
- Volume
- 1
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 25898
- ISSN
- 2001-8525 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2030159044
- Cited by
- 275
- References
- 115
- FWCI
- 7.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Techniques of assessing small airways dysfunction. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.3402/ecrj.v1.25898
- The paper
- McNulty, W., & Usmani, O. S. (2014). Techniques of assessing small airways dysfunction. European Clinical Respiratory Journal. https://doi.org/10.3402/ecrj.v1.25898
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
