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The Heavenly Master, Canonization, and the Daoist Construction of Local Religion in Late Imperial Jiangnan
Open accessAbstract
Le Maître céleste (Zhang tianshi) confère depuis l'époque des Yuan des titres et rangs aux divinités locales dans diverses parties du monde chinois, en particulier au Jiangnan. Ces titres et rangs jouent un rôle important dans la légitimation des cultes, notamment territoriaux, et permettent aux dieux d'avoir une place bien définie à l'intérieur d'un système local de régulation interne des cultes et des communautés. L'article, partant de l'exemple de la canonisation des célèbres divinités Wutong, retrace l'histoire de cette procédure de canonisation depuis le XIVe jusqu'au XIXe siècle. Il montre que son fondement liturgique est la transmission de registres (lu) aux dieux, de la même façon que lors d'une ordination pour un vivant : l'obtention de registres donne droit à un rang (zhi) dans la bureaucratie céleste. Au Jiangnan, en sus de ces registres et rangs, les communautés locales demandent au Maître céleste, pour leurs dieux, des titres « féodaux » (comte, marquis, prince) identiques à ceux donnés par l'État impérial. En accédant à ces demandes, le Maître céleste en vient ainsi, au Jiangnan, à s'intégrer très largement à la gouvernance impériale de la société locale. Le taoïsme devient dans ces conditions le cadre bureaucratique de la société du Jiangnan.
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Goossaert (2011) demonstrates that the liturgical foundation of canonization is the transmission of 'registers' (lu) to gods, in the same way as the ordination of a living person.
“It demonstrates that the liturgical foundation of canonization is the transmission of 'registers' ( lu 籙 ) to gods, in the same way as the ordination of a living person.”
From Religion and Society: A Summary of French Studies on Chinese Religion (2014) · cites this paper as Goossaert (2011)
The introduction (p. 230) defines Heavenly Master canonization as granting titles and ranks to local gods, and the Wutong discussion (p. 232) describes gods being promoted. The passages retrieved from our copy do not establish that transmitting registers (lu) is the liturgical foundation of that process or that it works like ordaining a living person. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredGoossaert suggests that by filling requests for titles, the Heavenly Master was integrated into the imperial governance of local society in Jiangnan, and Daoism became the bureaucratic framework for Jiangnan society.
“The author suggests that by filling these requests, the Heavenly Master was integrated into the imperial governance of local society in Jiangnan, and Daoism became the bureaucratic framework for Jiangnan society.”
From Religion and Society: A Summary of French Studies on Chinese Religion (2014) · cites this paper as Goossaert (2011)
The introduction (pp. 229–230) says the Heavenly Master headed a Daoist bureaucracy that granted titles to local gods, mostly in Jiangnan, and that this procedure gave Daoists a role in constructing local religion. The Wutong discussion also describes collaboration between Daoists and state agents in managing local gods. These passages do not establish that fulfilling requests integrated the Heavenly Master into imperial governance, or that Daoism became the bureaucratic framework for Jiangnan society as a whole. (LLM, conf=0.82)
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Wu, N. (2014) · Review of Religion and Chinese Society · doi:10.1163/22143955-04102008 · Cited by 2
Metadata
- Authors
- Goossaert, V.
- Affiliations
- Groupe Sociétés, Religions, Laïcités (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Goossaert, Vincent
- Venue
- Cahiers d'Extrême-Asie
- Publisher
- PERSEE Program
- Published
- 2011
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 229-245
- ISSN
- 0766-1177 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2761888624
- Cited by
- 6
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2022: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 2.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- fr
- Open access
- green
- www.persee.fr
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-sa
- Locations
- Cahiers d Extrême-Asie (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- Persée (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History › Chinese history and philosophy
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Religious studies › Indian and Buddhist Studies
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Study and Philosophy of Religion
- Keywords
- Jiangnan, late imperial China, Yuan dynasty
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