The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 66 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Doors to Safety: Exit West, Refugee Resettlement, and the Right to Asylum
Open accessAbstract
Review of Mohsin Hamid's Exit West.
Overview
AI snapshot
Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
This law review essay uses Mohsin Hamid’s *Exit West* as a frame to argue that refugee resettlement is essential but must not be used to replace or justify limits on the right to seek asylum. It examines how the United States, Australia, and the European Union have used offshore resettlement to deter irregular migration and restrict onshore asylum claims.
Key findings
- The paper argues that resettlement programs are “a critical portion of refugee protection” but “must not be used to replace asylum,” because states have used them to limit or justify limits on asylum claims.
- Durable solutions remain inaccessible for most refugees: in 2016 UNHCR reported 22.5 million refugees and 65.6 million forcibly displaced people; UNHCR facilitated resettlement of 125,800 refugees to 37 countries in 2016, while more than 1.2 million refugees were expected to need resettlement in 2018.
- Local integration and work rights are severely limited: a year and a half after Turkey announced work permits for Syrian refugees, only 14,000 permits had been issued to Turkey’s 3.5 million refugees; in Jordan, 70,000 work permits had been issued by December 2017 against the Jordan Compact’s target of 200,000.
- Case studies show deterrence-oriented resettlement: the U.S. interdicted Haitian asylum-seekers while maintaining resettlement and later created the Central American Minors program explicitly to reduce unlawful migration; Australia diverted maritime arrivals to Manus and Nauru at a cost of nearly $3.9 billion and declined New Zealand’s offer to resettle 150 refugees; the EU-Turkey agreement resettled only 3,565 Syrians to the EU as of February 2017.
Methods
- Doctrinal and normative legal analysis, framed through *Exit West*, of the right to seek asylum, nonrefoulement, and the three durable solutions: voluntary repatriation, local integration, and resettlement.
- Uses international legal instruments and reports—including the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the 1951 Refugee Convention, and UNHCR materials—alongside secondary news and advocacy sources.
- Case-study comparison of three contexts: the United States, Australia, and the European Union, focusing on offshore resettlement, interdiction, offshore processing, and EU-Turkey/Libya arrangements.
Limitations
- The paper states no limitations.
- Evident from the text: it is a normative law review essay rather than an empirical study, relying on secondary sources and selected case studies rather than original data or causal testing.
- Evident from the text: the case selection is limited to the United States, Australia, and the European Union, so the analysis does not systematically cover other resettlement states or refugee-hosting regions.
Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
60 Sources not found · 9 Own interpretation · 7 Own result · 1 Not checked yet
In the paper
“As a result of this agreement, tens of thousands of refugees remained trapped in Turkey, in limbo on Greek islands, and trapped in south and central Europe, prevented from moving onward.”
§ DOORS TO SAFETY: EXIT WEST, REFUGEE RESETTLEMENT, AND THE RIGHT TO ASYLUM > 3. European Union
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [80]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“More recently, resettlement was used explicitly to decrease irregular border crossings to the United States.”
§ DOORS TO SAFETY: EXIT WEST, REFUGEE RESETTLEMENT, AND THE RIGHT TO ASYLUM > Doors to Safety 1127
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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In the paper
“In the wake of mass arrivals of asylum-seekers walking across Europe in 2015, the European Union began to take significant steps to fortify its bor-[Vol.117:1119 ders to prevent refugees and migrants from claiming asylum inside the EU.”
§ DOORS TO SAFETY: EXIT WEST, REFUGEE RESETTLEMENT, AND THE RIGHT TO ASYLUM > 3. European Union
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [76]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper states — it cites no source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Individuals seeking international protection were, and are, denied access to U.S. territory.”
§ DOORS TO SAFETY: EXIT WEST, REFUGEE RESETTLEMENT, AND THE RIGHT TO ASYLUM > Doors to Safety 1127
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper states — it cites no source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“By resettling refugees through offshore, screened programs, President Obama's administration hoped to decrease border crossings and onshore asylum claims.”
§ DOORS TO SAFETY: EXIT WEST, REFUGEE RESETTLEMENT, AND THE RIGHT TO ASYLUM > Doors to Safety 1127
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper states — it cites no source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These case studies present three efforts, two state and one regional, to limit onshore asylum while using refugee resettlement as a deterrent and justification for limiting access to asylum.”
§ DOORS TO SAFETY: EXIT WEST, REFUGEE RESETTLEMENT, AND THE RIGHT TO ASYLUM > Doors to Safety 1127
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The EU has also expended significant resources to prevent refugees and migrants from reaching Europe by sea routes across the Mediterranean from North Africa.”
§ DOORS TO SAFETY: EXIT WEST, REFUGEE RESETTLEMENT, AND THE RIGHT TO ASYLUM > 3. European Union
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [83]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper states — it cites no source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“refugees seeking asylum in places like the United States, Australia, and the European Union, however, find ever-greater obstacles to their own pathways to asylum.”
§ DOORS TO SAFETY: EXIT WEST, REFUGEE RESETTLEMENT, AND THE RIGHT TO ASYLUM > Additional information
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“For the overwhelming number of today's 22 million refugees, each of these durable solutions is out of reach.23”
§ DOORS TO SAFETY: EXIT WEST, REFUGEE RESETTLEMENT, AND THE RIGHT TO ASYLUM > B. Durable Solutions
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [23]
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plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“But it is increasingly difficult to become a refugee-that is, to leave one's country of origin and to access the territory of another state where one can claim asylum.16”
§ DOORS TO SAFETY: EXIT WEST, REFUGEE RESETTLEMENT, AND THE RIGHT TO ASYLUM > A. The Right to Seek Asylum
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [16]
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plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- It may state two separate claims as one. 32
- Probably not a substantial claim. 7
In the paper
“EU states would return new asylum-seeker arrivals from the EU to Turkey, and the EU would resettle refugees directly from Turkey, all with the intent of discouraging irregular migration.”
§ DOORS TO SAFETY: EXIT WEST, REFUGEE RESETTLEMENT, AND THE RIGHT TO ASYLUM > 3. European Union
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [78]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper states — it cites no source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The United States has long worked to prevent asylum-seekers from landing on its territory and has used refugee resettlement to discourage irregular migration.”
§ DOORS TO SAFETY: EXIT WEST, REFUGEE RESETTLEMENT, AND THE RIGHT TO ASYLUM > Doors to Safety 1127
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“have been warehoused on the Pacific islands of Manus and Nauru, where they have languished in shockingly inhumane conditions.”
§ DOORS TO SAFETY: EXIT WEST, REFUGEE RESETTLEMENT, AND THE RIGHT TO ASYLUM > Doors to Safety 1131
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [70]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper states — it cites no source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“U.S. government policy under President Donald Trump has shifted to limit both forms of refugee protection-asylum and refugee resettlement.”
§ DOORS TO SAFETY: EXIT WEST, REFUGEE RESETTLEMENT, AND THE RIGHT TO ASYLUM > Doors to Safety 1127
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The EU reached an agreement with Turkey in 2016 to resettle refugees from Turkey to the EU, but the goal of this resettlement program was not to expand refugee protection.”
§ DOORS TO SAFETY: EXIT WEST, REFUGEE RESETTLEMENT, AND THE RIGHT TO ASYLUM > 3. European Union
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [77]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Turkey's efforts to prevent onward migration from Turkey to Europe have been successful, but as of February 2017, only 3,565 Syrians had been resettled to the EU through the agreement.”
§ DOORS TO SAFETY: EXIT WEST, REFUGEE RESETTLEMENT, AND THE RIGHT TO ASYLUM > 3. European Union
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [82]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Even as Australia has denied thousands of refugees the chance to claim asylum in its territory, it has maintained a UNHCR-sponsored resettlement program.”
§ DOORS TO SAFETY: EXIT WEST, REFUGEE RESETTLEMENT, AND THE RIGHT TO ASYLUM > Doors to Safety 1131
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [73]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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In the paper
“The CAM program in the United States and the EU hotspots in North Africa both aim to reduce irregular border crossings and also provide significant benefits to the individuals resettled through them.”
§ DOORS TO SAFETY: EXIT WEST, REFUGEE RESETTLEMENT, AND THE RIGHT TO ASYLUM > Additional information
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [91]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
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A result the paper states — it cites no source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Government resettlement programs provide a pathway for only a small number of refugees to access a durable solution even as states build obstacles to domestic asylum claims.”
§ DOORS TO SAFETY: EXIT WEST, REFUGEE RESETTLEMENT, AND THE RIGHT TO ASYLUM > Additional information
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Whereas citizens of Germany can travel without a visa to 165 countries, citizens of conflict-torn, refugee-producing Sudan, Yemen, Somalia, Syria, Iraq, and Afghanistan can access 43 or fewer countries without a visa.17”
§ DOORS TO SAFETY: EXIT WEST, REFUGEE RESETTLEMENT, AND THE RIGHT TO ASYLUM > A. The Right to Seek Asylum
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [17]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“First, voluntary repatriations: fewer than 127,000 refugees repatriated to their country of origin in 2015, and even those repatriations were described by UNHCR as occurring “in less than ideal circumstances and against a complex backdrop of ongoing protection challenges.”24”
§ DOORS TO SAFETY: EXIT WEST, REFUGEE RESETTLEMENT, AND THE RIGHT TO ASYLUM > B. Durable Solutions
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [24]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Thus, an individual fleeing from persecution has the right to seek asylum, if necessary through illegal entry, and protection from being forcibly returned until the person is determined not to be at risk or until the risk ends.15”
§ DOORS TO SAFETY: EXIT WEST, REFUGEE RESETTLEMENT, AND THE RIGHT TO ASYLUM > A. The Right to Seek Asylum
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [15]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“To return to Turkey as an example, “[r]esettlement is the most accessible durable solution for the majority of refugees in Turkey . . . .[but l]ess than 1% of the refugee population in Turkey are submitted for resettlement every year.”41”
§ DOORS TO SAFETY: EXIT WEST, REFUGEE RESETTLEMENT, AND THE RIGHT TO ASYLUM > Doors to Safety 1125
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [41]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Tens of thousands of Syrian refugees, for example, remain stranded in the border area between Syria and Jordan, out of reach of humanitarian aid, unwilling to return the dangers of Syria, and prohibited from entering Jordan.18”
§ DOORS TO SAFETY: EXIT WEST, REFUGEE RESETTLEMENT, AND THE RIGHT TO ASYLUM > A. The Right to Seek Asylum
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [18]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
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None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“States are not required to offer refugee-resettlement programs, 39 though the UNHCR encourages states to do so as a means to provide refugees with a durable solution.40”
§ DOORS TO SAFETY: EXIT WEST, REFUGEE RESETTLEMENT, AND THE RIGHT TO ASYLUM > Doors to Safety 1125
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [39]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [40]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Section III.B.1 examines the United States, which began its policy of deterring domestic asylum-seekers several decades ago by interdicting Haitian asylumseekers even as it established an offshore resettlement program.”
§ DOORS TO SAFETY: EXIT WEST, REFUGEE RESETTLEMENT, AND THE RIGHT TO ASYLUM > III. RESETTLEMENT AS A TOOL TO LIMIT ASYLUM CLAIMS
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Proclamation No. 4865
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“States have prevented asylum-seekers from accessing the state's territory and, as part of the strategy to limit asylum-seekers or justify limitations on asylum-seekers, opened offshore resettlement programs that accept small numbers of vetted refugees.11”
§ DOORS TO SAFETY: EXIT WEST, REFUGEE RESETTLEMENT, AND THE RIGHT TO ASYLUM > II. REFUGEES' DOORS TO SAFETY
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [11]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In 2016, UNHCR facilitated resettlement of 125,800 refugees to 37 resettlement countries; this number is dwarfed by more than 1.2 million refugees who were expected to need resettlement in 2018.38”
§ DOORS TO SAFETY: EXIT WEST, REFUGEE RESETTLEMENT, AND THE RIGHT TO ASYLUM > Doors to Safety 1125
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [38]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“By December 2017, the government had issued 70,000 work permits, including expired work permits and renewals of existing work permits, which fell short of the Compact's target.36”
§ DOORS TO SAFETY: EXIT WEST, REFUGEE RESETTLEMENT, AND THE RIGHT TO ASYLUM > Doors to Safety 1125
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [36]
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plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“In 2016, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) reported that there were 22.5 million refugees and 65.6 million forcibly displaced people worldwide.”
§ DOORS TO SAFETY: EXIT WEST, REFUGEE RESETTLEMENT, AND THE RIGHT TO ASYLUM > Mohsin
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [2]
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plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Irregular border crossings, like doors, prevent states from screening individuals outside their territory before entry.”
§ DOORS TO SAFETY: EXIT WEST, REFUGEE RESETTLEMENT, AND THE RIGHT TO ASYLUM > Doors to Safety 1125
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Reality is this: the vast majority of refugees today live in perpetual limbo-without permanent residence or economic rights and with nowhere else to go. 10”
§ DOORS TO SAFETY: EXIT WEST, REFUGEE RESETTLEMENT, AND THE RIGHT TO ASYLUM > II. REFUGEES' DOORS TO SAFETY
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [10]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Second, local integration: most refugees live in developing countries close to their countries of origin and where they are not afforded legal pathways to long-term residence or naturalization.26”
§ DOORS TO SAFETY: EXIT WEST, REFUGEE RESETTLEMENT, AND THE RIGHT TO ASYLUM > B. Durable Solutions
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [26]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Migrants report being beaten, tortured, housed in horrific conditions, and sold in a slave market.”
§ DOORS TO SAFETY: EXIT WEST, REFUGEE RESETTLEMENT, AND THE RIGHT TO ASYLUM > Additional information
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [84]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [85]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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In the paper
“When New Zealand offered to resettle 150 refugees living on Manus and Nauru, Australia declined the offer, citing concern that this might encourage future asylum-seekers to attempt the journey to Australia.”
§ DOORS TO SAFETY: EXIT WEST, REFUGEE RESETTLEMENT, AND THE RIGHT TO ASYLUM > Doors to Safety 1131
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [72]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a possible cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Finally, Section III.B.3 discusses the European Union, which has worked at great expense to end crossings from Libya and Turkey into Greece and Italy, while opening pathways for offshore refugee screening.”
§ DOORS TO SAFETY: EXIT WEST, REFUGEE RESETTLEMENT, AND THE RIGHT TO ASYLUM > III. RESETTLEMENT AS A TOOL TO LIMIT ASYLUM CLAIMS
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [43]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Housing refugees in Manus and Nauru cost Australia nearly $3.9 billion, in addition to millions paid out in legal fees to those detained”
§ DOORS TO SAFETY: EXIT WEST, REFUGEE RESETTLEMENT, AND THE RIGHT TO ASYLUM > Doors to Safety 1131
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [75]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Section III.B.2 considers Australia, which diverts maritime asylum-seeker arrivals to the islands of Manus and Nauru, where Australia disclaims international obligations to these individuals, even as Australia maintains a refugeeresettlement program, its preferred method of providing international protection.”
§ DOORS TO SAFETY: EXIT WEST, REFUGEE RESETTLEMENT, AND THE RIGHT TO ASYLUM > III. RESETTLEMENT AS A TOOL TO LIMIT ASYLUM CLAIMS
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Siegel, Australia Adopts Tough Measures
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Given that most refugees do not have access to any durable solution, it should be unsurprising that many refugees have undertaken dangerous journeys to places like the United States, Australia, or Western Europe in an attempt to access asylum in a country that offers long-term residency and social and economic rights.49”
§ DOORS TO SAFETY: EXIT WEST, REFUGEE RESETTLEMENT, AND THE RIGHT TO ASYLUM > Doors to Safety 1127
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [49]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Individuals who request asylum from within a state's territory may be deported if their claim is unsuccessful, but they will often have other due process protections, including the opportunity to appeal.48”
§ DOORS TO SAFETY: EXIT WEST, REFUGEE RESETTLEMENT, AND THE RIGHT TO ASYLUM > Doors to Safety 1127
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [48]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedstates a possible cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Refugees filing a domestic asylum claim can request international protection if they are able to enter the country's territory, 45 whereas “offshore” refugee processing allows a state to limit quotas and to set parameters for admission.46”
§ DOORS TO SAFETY: EXIT WEST, REFUGEE RESETTLEMENT, AND THE RIGHT TO ASYLUM > Doors to Safety 1127
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [45]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [46]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Having erected physical and legal barriers to entry in violation of international law, states open resettlement programs with the promise to open the”
§ DOORS TO SAFETY: EXIT WEST, REFUGEE RESETTLEMENT, AND THE RIGHT TO ASYLUM > Doors to Safety 1127
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Having erected physical and legal barriers to entry in violation of international law, states open resettlement programs with the promise to open the smallest of doors to prescreened refugees.”
§ DOORS TO SAFETY: EXIT WEST, REFUGEE RESETTLEMENT, AND THE RIGHT TO ASYLUM > Doors to Safety 1127
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“refugee resettlement is an essential element of any refugeeprotection scheme”
§ DOORS TO SAFETY: EXIT WEST, REFUGEE RESETTLEMENT, AND THE RIGHT TO ASYLUM > Doors to Safety 1127
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites UNHCR, supra note 22
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Not matched
In the paper
“In the examples cited below, states have sought to limit desperate individuals from arriving spontaneously in their countries: instead, in states' view, “good” refugees will seek to enter through a legal resettlement channel.50”
§ DOORS TO SAFETY: EXIT WEST, REFUGEE RESETTLEMENT, AND THE RIGHT TO ASYLUM > Doors to Safety 1127
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [50]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“At the same time, the French government has introduced a new Asylum and Migration Bill that would, if passed, increase the time that onshore asylum-seekers can be detained and criminalize irregular entry into France.”
§ DOORS TO SAFETY: EXIT WEST, REFUGEE RESETTLEMENT, AND THE RIGHT TO ASYLUM > Additional information
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [90]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedstates a possible cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Refugee resettlement is a crucial tool to provide refugees with access to safety”
§ DOORS TO SAFETY: EXIT WEST, REFUGEE RESETTLEMENT, AND THE RIGHT TO ASYLUM > Additional information
boostedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
The paper relies on this without support.
Refugee resettlement is a critical and laudable part of refugee protection.
“while refugee resettlement is a critical portion of refugee protection, it must not be used to replace asylum”
“Resettlement programs, which are laudable means of providing refugees with a durable solution”
The paper relies on this without support.
The three case studies are representative of a broader pattern among Western states.
“These case studies present three efforts, two state and one regional, to limit onshore asylum while using refugee resettlement as a deterrent and justification for limiting access to asylum.”
“EU states' offers to expand resettlement for refugees are, like resettlement policies in the past in the United States and currently in Australia, primarily intended to discourage asylum claims rather than to promote refugees' access to durable solutions.”
Citations
Cites
Proposed Refugee Admissions for Fiscal Year 1992
United States Department of Homeland Security United States Department of Health and Human Services (1991) · Foreign Policy Bulletin · doi:10.1017/s1052703600007917 · Cited by 27
Archbold, L. (2015) · QUT Law Review · doi:10.5204/qutlr.v15i1.579 · Cited by 3
Research works printed but not linked: 10
- Mohsin Hamid's Novel 'Exit West' Raises Immigration Issues, NPR (Mar. 6, 2017, 5:12 AM), https://www.npr.org/2017/03/06/518743041/mohsin-hamids-novel-exit-west- raises-immigration-issues (on file with the Michigan Law Review).
- Id . at 115 ("The role of [UNHCR] is to . . . advocate for additional resettlement plac- es . . . [anddiversify and expand resettlement opportunities and programmes . . . ."); see also Final Act of the United Nations Conference of Plenipotentiaries on the Status of Refugees and Stateless Persons 4(d), 189
- U.N.T.S. 137 (1951) ("The Conference . . . recommends that Gov- ernments . . . act in concert in a true spirit of international co-operation in order that these ref- ugees may find asylum and the possibility of resettlement."). 41. UNHCR, supra note 33, at 1.
- Conor Finnegan, Trump Admits Less than Quarter of Proposed Refu- gees at Six-Month Mark, ABC NEWS (Mar. 30, 2018, 4:25 PM), http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/ trump-admits-quarter-proposed-refugees-month-mark/story?id=54123008 [https://perma.cc/ 8BRX-3V5F].
- Behrouz Boochani, 'This is Hell Out Here': How Behrouz Boochani's Diaries Expose Australia's Refugee Shame, GUARDIAN (Dec. 4, 2017, 12:30 AM), https://www. theguardian.com/world/2017/dec/04/this-is-hell-behrouz-boochani-diaries-expose-australia- refugee-shame (on file with the Michigan Law Review);
- Eleanor Ainge Roy, Jacinda Ardern Denies Report that Asylum Offer Led to Surge in People Smuggling, GUARDIAN (Jan. 22, 2018, 11:40 PM), https://www.theguardian.com/world/ 2018/jan/23/jacinda-ardern-denies-report-that-asylum-offer-led-to-surge-in-people- smuggling [https://perma.cc/K5KK-CVXG];
- Paul Karp & Eleanor Ainge Roy, New Zealand Seeks Deal with Australia to Resettle Manus and Nauru Refugees, GUARDIAN (Nov. 16, 2017, 9:48 PM), https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2017/nov/17/new-zealand-and-png- could-do-deal-on-refugees-peter-dutton-says [https://perma.cc/VL8D-AKUR].
- Nick Squires, A Year On from EU-Turkey Deal, Refugees and Migrants in Limbo Commit Suicide and Suffer from Trauma, TELEGRAPH (Mar. 14, 2017, 2:57 PM), http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/03/14/year-eu-turkey-deal-refugees-migrants-limbo- commit-suicide-suffer/ [https://perma.cc/DA25-PPN8].
- Kondylia Gogou, The EU-Turkey Deal: Europe's Year of Shame, AMNESTY INT'L (Mar. 20, 2017, 10:20 AM) https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2017/03/the-eu-turkey- deal-europes-year-of-shame/ [https://perma.cc/FMK3-MQF6]. 82. Id .
- Agence France-Press, EU's Policy of Helping Libya Intercept Migrants Is 'Inhuman,' Says UN, GUARDIAN (Nov. 14, 2017, 1:16 PM), https://www.theguardian.com/world/ 2017/nov/14/eu-libya-coastguard-detention-centres-migration-mediterranean-un-zeid-raad- al-hussein [https://perma.cc/7KDX-HSQ6].
Cited by
Sorted by citations
No safe place for war survivors: War memory, event exposure, and migrants' psychological trauma
Ahmad, M. S., Bukhari, Z., Khan, S., Ashraf, I., & Kanwal, A. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.966556 · Cited by 12
Inhabiting a Chaos-World: Refugee Transnational Identities in Mohsin Hamid’s Exit West (2017)
Tosi, V. (2024) · Il Tolomeo · doi:10.30687/tol/2499-5975/2024/01/004 · Cited by 3
“Bet-sy L. Fisher has underlined how Hamid’s novel reminds the reader of “the failures of modern asylum systems that prioritize border security over human rights” (Fisher 2019, 1134), using the novel as a starting point to dwell on contemporary politics of migration across the world.”
Exploring cultural trauma: psychology of muslim migrants, culture and beliefs in post 9/11 America
Ahmad, M. S., Hussain, M. A., & Azari, N. P. (2023) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-023-05504-1 · Cited by 2
“According to Fisher (2018), nativ-ists put border security above fundamental human rights even when refugees need immediate assistance and secure doors.”
Writing Terror: Representations of Terror and Resistance in Twenty-First-Century Anglophone Fiction
Jahamah, A. (2021) · Open Access at Essex (University of Essex)
Empathy and Unity in Exit West
Dietrich, K. M. (2023) · International ResearchScape Journal · doi:10.25035/irj.08.01.02
Metadata
- Authors
- Fisher, B.
- Affiliations
- International Refugee Assistance Project
- Corresponding author
- Fisher, Betsy
- ORCID
- Fisher, Betsy
- Venue
- Michigan Law Review
- Publisher
- University of Michigan Law Library
- Published
- 2019
- Issue
- 117.6
- Pages
- 1119
- ISSN
- 0026-2234 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-8557
- OpenAlex
- W2943202430
- Semantic Scholar
- 150c568a2dfa4aebfc556f42da0192b4152262dd
- Cited by
- 11
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2024: 4 · 2023: 6 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 0.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Michigan Law Review (publishedVersion)
- eYLS (Yale Law School) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- European Commission
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Law › Migration, Racism, and Human Rights
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Migration and Exile Studies
- Social Sciences › Law › Immigration Law and Human Rights
- Keywords
- Exit West, Mohsin Hamid, refugee resettlement, right to asylum, refugees
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-24, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-24 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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