The DOI matches its Crossref record; 97 of the 97 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
How do apes ape?
Open accessOverview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Whiten, A., Goodall, J., McGrew, W. C., Nishida, T., Reynolds, V., Sugiyama, Y., Tutin, C. E. G., Wrangham, R. W., & Boesch, C. (1999) · Nature · doi:10.1038/21415 · Cited by 2,341
Self-citationUnderstanding the intentions of others: Re-enactment of intended acts by 18-month-old children.
Meltzoff, A. N. (1995) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037//0012-1649.31.5.838 · Cited by 2,110
Tomasello, M., Kruger, A. C., & Ratner, H. H. (1993) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x0003123x · Cited by 1,891
Advances in the Study of Behavior
(1998) · Advances in the Study of Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0065-3454(13)60001-7 · Cited by 1,741
The Behaviour of Free-living Chimpanzees in the Gombe Stream Reserve
Van Lawick-Goodall, J. (1968) · Animal Behaviour Monographs · doi:10.1016/s0066-1856(68)80003-2 · Cited by 1,571
Tomasello, M., & Call, J. (1997) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780195106237.001.0001 · Cited by 1,491
Niche construction, biological evolution, and cultural change
Laland, K. N., Odling-Smee, J., & Feldman, M. W. (2000) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00002417 · Cited by 1,103
Chimpanzee Material Culture: Implications for Human Evolution
McGrew, W. C. (1992) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511565519 · Cited by 966
Orangutan Cultures and the Evolution of Material Culture
van Schaik, C. P., Ancrenaz, M., Borgen, G., Galdikas, B., Knott, C. D., Singleton, I., Suzuki, A., Utami, S. S., & Merrill, M. (2003) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1078004 · Cited by 959
Horner, V., & Whiten, A. (2005) · Animal Cognition · doi:10.1007/s10071-004-0239-6 · Cited by 953
Self-citation
Cited by
Arbib, M. A. (2005) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x05000038 · Cited by 1,164
Conformity to cultural norms of tool use in chimpanzees
Whiten, A., Horner, V., & de Waal, F. B. M. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04047 · Cited by 788
Self-citationCognitive culture: theoretical and empirical insights into social learning strategies
Rendell, L., Fogarty, L., Hoppitt, W. J. E., Morgan, T. J. H., Webster, M. M., & Laland, K. N. (2011) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2010.12.002 · Cited by 549
Cortical Networks Related to Human Use of Tools
Lewis, J. W. (2006) · The Neuroscientist · doi:10.1177/1073858406288327 · Cited by 451
The human socio-cognitive niche and its evolutionary origins
Whiten, A., & Erdal, D. (2012) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2012.0114 · Cited by 325
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Whiten, A., Horner, V., Litchfield, C. A., & Marshall-Pescini, S.
- Venue
- Learning & Behavior
- Published
- 2004-02
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 36-52
- ISSN
- 1543-4494 (ISSN-L)
- 1543-4508
- OpenAlex
- W2042828885
- Cited by
- 326
- References
- 97
- FWCI
- 19.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: How do apes ape? https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.3758/bf03196005
- The paper
- Whiten, A., Horner, V., Litchfield, C. A., & Marshall-Pescini, S. (2004). How do apes ape? Learning & Behavior. https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03196005
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
