Neighborhood frequency effects and letter visibility in visual word recognition
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Two experiments are described that measured lexical decision latencies and errors to five-letter French words with a single higher frequency orthographic neighbor and control words with no higher frequency neighbors. The higher frequency neighbor differed from the stimulus word by either the second letter (e.g., ASTRE-AUTRE) or the fourth letter (CHOPE-CHOSE). Neighborhood frequency effects were found to interact with this factor, and significant interference was observed only to CHOPE-type words. The effects of neighborhood frequency were also found to interact with the position of initial fixation in the stimulus word (either the second letter or the fourth letter). Interference was greatly reduced when the initial fixation was on the critical disambiguating letter (i.e., the letter P in CHOPE). Moreover, word recognition was improved when subjects initially fixated the second letter relative to when they initially fixated the fourth letter of a five-letter word, but this second-letter advantage practically disappeared when the stimulus differed from a more frequent word by its fourth letter. The results are interpreted in terms of the interaction between visual and lexical factors in visual work recognition.
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Grainger et al. (1992) found significantly slower average performance for French words with a higher frequency neighbor than those with no such neighbor, but the effect was only evident for words with neighbors at the fourth position, not second position.
“Although they found significantly slower average performance for words with a higher frequency neighbor than those with no such neighbor, the effect was only evident for word with neighbors at the fourth position, and not for words with second position neighbors.”
From The effect of orthographic similarity on lexical retrieval: Resolving neighborhood conflicts (1997) · cites this paper as Grainger et al., 1992
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References 26 · Cited by 124
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- O'REGAN, I. K., '" IACOBS, A. M. (in press). The optimal viewing po- sitioneffect in word recognition: A challengeto current theory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception &: Performance.
- Authors
- Grainger, J., O’Regan, J. K., Jacobs, A. M., & Segui, J.
- Affiliations
- Université Paris Descartes (FR)
- ORCID
- Jacobs, Arthur M.
- Venue
- Perception & Psychophysics
- Published
- 1992-01
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 49-56
- ISSN
- 0031-5117 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-5962
- OpenAlex
- W2040809323
- Cited by
- 124
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 14.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Perception & Psychophysics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Reading and Literacy Development
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Keywords
- visual word recognition, lexical decision, orthographic neighbors, fixation position, lexical interference, French vocabulary
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Attention, Fixation, Ocular, Humans, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Psychophysics, Reaction Time, Reading, Semantics
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