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Cited by 89Dementia and Cognitive Impairment ResearchHealth disparities and outcomesCultural Competency in Health Care

Racial and ethnic disparities among individuals with Alzheimer's disease in the United States: A literature review

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RTI International, Lines, Lisa·2014
DOI 10.3768/rtipress.2014.rr.0024.1412
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Abstract

This study reviews the published literature on racial and ethnic disparities among people with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and related dementias in the United States. To identify relevant studies, we searched electronic sources for peer-reviewed journal articles and unpublished research reports that were published through July 2014; related to the AD population and their caregivers; and provided evidence of racial and ethnic disparities, discussed reasons for disparities, or described interventions to address disparities. The literature shows consistent and adverse disparities among blacks and Hispanics compared with non-Hispanic whites concerning AD, including the disease’s prevalence and incidence, mortality, participation in clinical trials, use of medications and other interventions, use of long-term services and supports, health care expenditures, quality of care, and caregiving. The literature suggests numerous underlying causes, including factors related to measurement of the disease, genetics, socioeconomic factors, cultural differences, lack of culturally competent clinicians, and discrimination. Although these disparities are well known, little is known about the effectiveness of various strategies, such as cultural competence training, to address these differences, and very few studies evaluate possible interventions.

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  • These health conditions, which disproportionately affect Black and Hispanic populations, are believed to explain much of the elevated risk of dementia among Black and Hispanic populations.

    “These health conditions, which disproportionately affect Black and Hispanic populations, are believed to explain much of the elevated risk of dementia among Black and Hispanic populations.”

    From 2024 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures (2024) · cites this paper as [341]

    The “Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease and Other Comorbidities” section says that most cardiovascular risk factors are more common in African Americans and Hispanics and may be associated with cognitive decline and dementia. The “Possible Reasons for Racial and Ethnic Disparities” section lists these conditions as one possible contributor among several; it does not say they explain much of the elevated dementia risk. (LLM, conf=0.85)

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Authors
International, R., & Lines, L.
ORCID
Lines, Lisa
Publisher
RTI Press
Published
2014-12-31
DOI
10.3768/rtipress.2014.rr.0024.1412
OpenAlex
W2560435899
Cited by
89
References
133
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 2
Type
report
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Funders
  • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
  • RTI International
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
  • Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Cultural Competency in Health Care
Keywords
Alzheimer's disease, racial and ethnic disparities, dementia, African Americans, Hispanic Americans, caregivers, health care access, long-term services and supports, health care expenditure, quality of care, clinical trial participation, cultural competence, discrimination, socioeconomic factors

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