Chaotic dynamics of trans-Neptunian objects perturbed by planet nine
Open accessAbstract
Observations of clustering among the orbits of the most distant trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) has inspired interest in the possibility of an undiscovered ninth planet lurking in the outskirts of the solar system. Numerical simulations by a number of authors have demonstrated that, with appropriate choices of planet mass and orbit, such a planet can maintain clustering in the orbital elements of the population of distant TNOs, similar to the observed sample. However, many aspects of the rich underlying dynamical processes induced by such a distant eccentric perturber have not been fully explored. We report the results of our investigation of the dynamics of coplanar test-particles that interact with a massive body on an circular orbit (Neptune) and a massive body on a more distant, highly eccentric orbit (the putative Planet Nine). We find that a detailed examination of our idealized simulations affords tremendous insight into the rich test-particle dynamics that are possible. In particular, we find that chaos and resonance overlap plays an important role in particles’ dynamical evolution. We develop a simple mapping model that allows us to understand, in detail, the web of overlapped mean-motion resonances explored by chaotically evolving particles. We also demonstrate that gravitational interactions with Neptune can have profound effects on the orbital evolution of particles. Our results serve as a starting point for a better understanding of the dynamical behavior observed in more complicated simulations that can be used to constrain the mass and orbit of Planet Nine.
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Even long-term stable KBOs do not remain bound to a single mean motion commensurability on Gyr timescales.
“implying that even long-term stable KBOs do not remain bound to a single mean motion commensurability on Gyr timescales (which is also seen in Becker et al. 2017; Hadden et al. 2018).”
From The planet nine hypothesis (2019) · cites this paper as Hadden et al. 2018
Mean-motion resonances with Planet Nine are relevant to the dynamical evolution of the distant Kuiper belt.
“Are mean-motion resonances (MMRs) with Planet Nine relevant to the dynamical evolution of the distant Kuiper belt? Strictly speaking, the answer is yes (Millholland and Laughlin, 2017; Becker et al., 2017; Hadden et al., 2018; Bailey et al., 2018)”
From The planet nine hypothesis (2019) · cites this paper as Hadden et al., 2018
Cites
Evidence for a Distant Giant Planet in the Solar System
Batygin, K., & Brown, M. E. (2016) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.3847/0004-6256/151/2/22 · Cited by 432 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Subsequently, Batygin & Brown (2016a) (BB16a) noted that the six dynamically stable, distant ESDOs that were known at the time were all apsidally and nodally aligned, having their long axes roughly aligned and sharing the same orbital plane.”
BackgroundA Sedna-like body with a perihelion of 80 astronomical units
Trujillo, C. A., & Sheppard, S. S. (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature13156 · Cited by 303 · see citing works
Observational constraints on the orbit and location of Planet Nine in the outer solar system
Brown, M. E., & Batygin, K. (2016) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.3847/2041-8205/824/2/l23 · Cited by 112 · cited 2× · see citing works
“…has been invigorated by this suggestion, leading to a wide range of related topics being investigated, including: constraining its location (Brown & Batygin 2016; Holman & Payne 2016a,b); formation mechanisms (Bromley & Kenyon 2016; Kenyon & Bromley 2016; Li & Adams 2016; Mustill et al.…”
BackgroundA distant planetary-mass solar companion may have produced distant detached objects
GOMES, R., MATESE, J., & LISSAUER, J. (2006) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2006.05.026 · Cited by 70 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…number of authors had previously suggested that various aspects of the distribution of outer solar system objects could be explained by the presence of an additional planetary mass object (e.g. Brunini & Melita 2002; Melita et al. 2004; Gladman & Chan 2006; Gomes et al. 2006; Lykawka & Mukai 2008).”
BackgroundINTERACTION CROSS SECTIONS AND SURVIVAL RATES FOR PROPOSED SOLAR SYSTEM MEMBER PLANET NINE
Li, G., & Adams, F. C. (2016) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.3847/2041-8205/823/1/l3 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Self-citationTHE HUNT FOR PLANET NINE: ATMOSPHERE, SPECTRA, EVOLUTION, AND DETECTABILITY
Fortney, J. J., Marley, M. S., Laughlin, G., Nettelmann, N., Morley, C. V., Lupu, R. E., Visscher, C., Jeremic, P., Khadder, W. G., & Hargrave, M. (2016) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.3847/2041-8205/824/2/l25 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Observational Constraints on Planet Nine: Astrometry of Pluto and Other Trans-Neptunian Objects
Holman, M. J., & Payne, M. J. (2016) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.3847/0004-6256/152/4/80 · Cited by 32 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…by this suggestion, leading to a wide range of related topics being investigated, including: constraining its location (Brown & Batygin 2016; Holman & Payne 2016a,b); formation mechanisms (Bromley & Kenyon 2016; Kenyon & Bromley 2016; Li & Adams 2016; Mustill et al. 2016), atmospheric…”
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Batygin, K., Adams, F. C., Brown, M. E., & Becker, J. C. (2019) · Physics Reports · doi:10.1016/j.physrep.2019.01.009 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
“Drawing on previously published results (Brown and Batygin 2016; Hadden et al. 2018; Cáceres & Gomes 2018 and the references therein), simulations in which Planet Nine’s perihelion distance was smaller than q9 6 100 AU or greater than q9 > 500 AU were immediately discarded.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialGeneration of Low-inclination, Neptune-crossing Trans-Neptunian Objects by Planet Nine
Batygin, K., Morbidelli, A., Brown, M. E., & Nesvorný, D. (2024) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ad3cd2 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“To construct the inter-Neptunian perihelion distribution, we followed previous studies (e.g., Li et al. 2018; Batygin et al. 2019; Hadden et al. 2018; Becker et al. 2018; Batygin et al. 2019; Brown & Batygin 2021 and references therein) and examined the orbital footprints generated by particles…”
BackgroundMethod
- Authors
- Hadden, S., Li, G., Payne, M. J., & Holman, M. J.
- Affiliations
- Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian (US)
- Georgia Institute of Technology (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hadden, Sam
- Venue
- The Astronomical Journal
- Publisher
- American Astronomical Society
- Published
- 2018-05-24
- Volume
- 155
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 249
- ISSN
- 0004-6256 (ISSN-L)
- 1538-3881
- OpenAlex
- W2775923908
- Cited by
- 16
- References
- 7
- Citations by year
- 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 3
- FWCI
- 1.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- The Astronomical Journal (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astro and Planetary Science
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Aerospace Engineering › Space Satellite Systems and Control
- Keywords
- Planet Nine, trans-Neptunian objects, orbital clustering, chaotic dynamics, mean motion resonance, overlapping resonances, test particle dynamics, mapping model, orbital evolution, undiscovered planet
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