Serum Levels of Carbamylated LDL, Nitrotyrosine and Soluble Lectin-like Oxidized Low-density Lipoprotein Receptor-1 in Poorly Controlled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Open accessAbstract
Introduction: Carbamylated low-density lipoprotein (cLDL) has profound proatherogenic properties. Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) has been identified as the primary cLDL receptor. The soluble form of LOX-1 (sLOX-1) and 3-nitrotyrosine (NT) have recently been suggested as biomarkers of vascular disease. Although type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterised by an increased atherosclerotic risk, the clinical data on cLDL, NT and sLOX-1 levels in T2DM are limited. Aim: To explore the possible role of cLDL, NT and sLOX-1 as potential biomarkers for disease progression and complications in poorly controlled T2DM patients with and without microalbuminuria. Materials and methods: The serum concentrations of cLDL, NT and sLOX-1 were measured by ELISA in a cross-sectional study of 60 T2DM patients and 35 nondiabetic controls.Results: Both the normoalbuminuric (n = 34) and the microalbuminuric (n = 26) patients had significantly higher serum levels of cLDL and NT than the healthy controls, but sLOX-1 was only elevated in the microalbuminuric subgroup (p < 0.05). Carbamylated LDL correlated positively with NT in the diabetic subjects (r s = 0.266, p = 0.04) while it correlated with urea only in the control group (r s = 0.475, p = 0.004). The serum concentration of sLOX-1 correlated significantly with fasting glucose (r s = 0.441, p < 0.001), HbA1c (r s = 0.328, p = 0.01) and microalbuminuria (r s = 0.272, p = 0.035) in the whole diabetic cohort. Conclusions: The present study highlights the potential of cLDL, NT and sLOX-1 as possible markers of diabetic complications.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In T2D patients, protein-bound 3-NT levels are higher compared to non-diabetic subjects (serum, ELISA).
“Higher levels of protein-bound 3-NT in T2D patients”
From Protein oxidation - Formation mechanisms, detection and relevance as biomarkers in human diseases (2021) · cites this paper as [244]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
No citation lists for this paper
No citation lists for this paper yet — checked again daily.
References 28 · Cited by 14
Research works printed but not linked: 5
- Basnakian AG, Shah SV, Ok E, et al. Carbamylated LDL. Adv Clin Chem 2010; 51: 25-52.
- American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes-2007 (position statement). Diabetes Care 2007; 30: S4-S41.
- Shah SS, Apostolov EO, Ok E, et al. Novel inflammatory mechanisms of accelerated atherosclerosis in kidney disease. Kidney Int 2011; 80(5): 453-63.
- Sharma K. Myeloperoxidase activity and oxidized amino ac- ids as biomarkers in chronic kidney disease and coronary ar- tery disease. Am J Nephrol 2017; 46: 71-2.
- Xu S. LOX-1 in atherosclerosis: biological functions and phar- macological modifiers. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70(16): 2859- 72.
- Authors
- Stankova, T. R., Delcheva, G. T., Maneva, A. I., & Vladeva, S. V.
- Affiliations
- Medical University Plovdiv (BG)
- Corresponding author
- Stankova, Teodora R.
- Venue
- Folia Medica
- Publisher
- Pensoft Publishers
- Published
- 2019-09-30
- Volume
- 61
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 419-425
- ISSN
- 0204-8043 (ISSN-L)
- 1314-2143
- OpenAlex
- W2979031565
- Cited by
- 14
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 1.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Folia Medica (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ZooKeys (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
- Keywords
- nitrotyrosine, soluble LOX-1, lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor, type 2 diabetes, uncontrolled diabetes, microalbuminuria, biomarkers, diabetes complications, atherosclerosis, oxidative stress, glycemic control
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Albuminuria, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Female, Humans, Lipoproteins, LDL, Male, Middle Aged, Tyrosine, Biomarkers, Scavenger Receptors, Class E
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
