CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 95Renin-Angiotensin System StudiesChronic Kidney Disease and DiabetesRenal and Vascular Pathologies

The renin-angiotensin system and aging in the kidney

Open access
Yoon, Hye Eun, Choi, Bum Soon·2014·The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine
DOI 10.3904/kjim.2014.29.3.291PMC PMC4028516
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

Aging is associated with progressive functional deterioration and structural changes in the kidney. Changes in the activity or responsiveness of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) occur with aging. RAS changes predispose the elderly to various fluid and electrolyte imbalances as well as acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. Among the multiple pathways involved in renal aging, the RAS plays a central role. This review summarizes the association of the RAS with structural and functional changes in the aging kidney and age-related renal injury, and describes the underlying mechanisms of RAS-related renal aging. An improved understanding of the renal aging process may lead to better individualized care of the elderly and improved renal survival in age-related diseases.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.3904/kjim.2014.29.3.291

Cites

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Aging populations, including post-menopausal women, have shown other physiological changes related to the systems in the model, such as a blunted response to ACE inhibitors, lower GFR, decreased intestinal calcium absorption, lower vitamin D levels, and higher PTH levels.

    “For example, aging populations have shown a blunted response to ACE inhibitors, have a lower GFR, decreased intestinal calcium absorption, lower vitamin D levels, and higher PTH levels [57-59].”

    From A physiology-based mathematical model of the renin-angiotensin system, bone remodeling, and calcium homeostasis: Effects of estrogen and renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (2025) · cites this paper as [59]

    The Introduction (page unavailable) reports that GFR declines with age, and “Involvement of the Systemic RAS in Aging” reports a reduced antihypertensive response to ACE inhibitors in elderly people. Our copy does not support the added claims about decreased intestinal calcium absorption, lower vitamin D, higher PTH, or post-menopausal women specifically (searched: calcium absorption, vitamin D, PTH, and post-menopausal women). (LLM, conf=0.88)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

The citation lists haven’t been fetched yet

References 44 · Cited by 95

Research works printed but not linked: 42

  1. [1]Wetzels JF Kiemeney LA Swinkels DW Willems HL den Heijer M Age- and gender-specific reference values of estimated GFR in Caucasians: the Nijmegen Biomedical Study Kidney Int 2007 72 632 637 17568781
  2. [2]Esposito C Plati A Mazzullo T Renal function and functional reserve in healthy elderly individuals J Nephrol 2007 20 617 625 17918149
  3. [3]Davies DF Shock NW Age changes in glomerular filtration rate, effective renal plasma flow, and tubular excretory capacity in adult males J Clin Invest 1950 29 496 507 15415454 PMC436086
  4. [4]Hoang K Tan JC Derby G Determinants of glomerular hypofiltration in aging humans Kidney Int 2003 64 1417 1424 12969161
  5. [5]Zhou XJ Rakheja D Yu X Saxena R Vaziri ND Silva FG The aging kidney Kidney Int 2008 74 710 720 18614996
  6. [6]Neugarten J Gallo G Silbiger S Kasiske B Glomerulosclerosis in aging humans is not influenced by gender Am J Kidney Dis 1999 34 884 888 10561145
  7. [7]Hill GS Heudes D Bariety J Morphometric study of arterioles and glomeruli in the aging kidney suggests focal loss of autoregulation Kidney Int 2003 63 1027 1036 12631084
  8. [8]Weinstein JR Anderson S The aging kidney: physiological changes Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 2010 17 302 307 20610357 PMC2901622
  9. [9]Noth RH Lassman MN Tan SY Fernandez-Cruz A Jr Mulrow PJ Age and the renin-aldosterone system Arch Intern Med 1977 137 1414 1417 921422
  10. [10]Weidmann P De Myttenaere-Bursztein S Maxwell MH de Lima J Effect on aging on plasma renin and aldosterone in normal man Kidney Int 1975 8 325 333 538
  11. [11]Mulkerrin E Epstein FH Clark BA Aldosterone responses to hyperkalemia in healthy elderly humans J Am Soc Nephrol 1995 6 1459 1462 8589323
  12. [12]Jung FF Kennefick TM Ingelfinger JR Vora JP Anderson S Down-regulation of the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system in the aging rat J Am Soc Nephrol 1995 5 1573 1580 7756590
  13. [13]Anderson S Rennke HG Zatz R Glomerular adaptations with normal aging and with long-term converting enzyme inhibition in rats Am J Physiol 1994 267 F35 F43 8048562
  14. [14]Corman B Michel JB Renin-angiotensin system, converting-enzyme inhibition and kidney function in aging female rats Am J Physiol 1986 251 R450 R455 3019163
  15. [15]Anderson S Ageing and the renin-angiotensin system Nephrol Dial Transplant 1997 12 1093 1094 9198031
  16. [16]Epstein M Hollenberg NK Age as a determinant of renal sodium conservation in normal man J Lab Clin Med 1976 87 411 417 1249474
  17. [17]Zhou XJ Saxena R Liu Z Vaziri ND Silva FG Renal senescence in 2008: progress and challenges Int Urol Nephrol 2008 40 823 839 18584301
  18. [18]Musso C Liakopoulos V De Miguel R Imperiali N Algranati L Transtubular potassium concentration gradient: comparison between healthy old people and chronic renal failure patients Int Urol Nephrol 2006 38 387 390 16868716
  19. [19]Tank JE Vora JP Houghton DC Anderson S Altered renal vascular responses in the aging rat kidney Am J Physiol 1994 266 F942 F948 8023973
  20. [20]Inserra F Romano LA de Cavanagh EM Ercole L Ferder LF Gomez RA Renal interstitial sclerosis in aging: effects of enalapril and nifedipine J Am Soc Nephrol 1996 7 676 680 8738801
  21. [21]Perico N Remuzzi G Benigni A Aging and the kidney Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2011 20 312 317 21358327
  22. [23]Yeung F Hoberg JE Ramsey CS Modulation of NF-kappaB-dependent transcription and cell survival by the SIRT1 deacetylase EMBO J 2004 23 2369 2380 15152190 PMC423286
  23. [24]Kitada M Kume S Takeda-Watanabe A Kanasaki K Koya D Sirtuins and renal diseases: relationship with aging and diabetic nephropathy Clin Sci (Lond) 2013 124 153 164 23075334 PMC3466784
  24. [25]He W Wang Y Zhang MZ Sirt1 activation protects the mouse renal medulla from oxidative injury J Clin Invest 2010 120 1056 1068 20335659 PMC2846063
  25. [26]Lim JH Kim EN Kim MY Age-associated molecular changes in the kidney in aged mice Oxid Med Cell Longev 2012 2012 171383 23326623 PMC3544311
  26. [27]Miyazaki R Ichiki T Hashimoto T SIRT1, a longevity gene, downregulates angiotensin II type 1 receptor expression in vascular smooth muscle cells Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2008 28 1263 1269 18420994
  27. [28]Gao P Xu TT Lu J Overexpression of SIRT1 in vascular smooth muscle cells attenuates angiotensin II-induced vascular remodeling and hypertension in mice J Mol Med (Berl) 2013 12 19 [Epub]. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00109-013-1111-4 24352856 · DOI
  28. [29]Dilauro M Zimpelmann J Robertson SJ Genest D Burns KD Effect of ACE2 and angiotensin-(1-7) in a mouse model of early chronic kidney disease Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2010 298 F1523 F1532 20357030
  29. [30]Giani JF Burghi V Veiras LC Angiotensin-(1-7) attenuates diabetic nephropathy in Zucker diabetic fatty rats Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2012 302 F1606 F1615 22492942
  30. [31]Mori J Patel VB Ramprasath T Alrob OA Angiotensin 1-7 mediates renoprotection against diabetic nephropathy by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation and lipotoxicity Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2014 2 19 [Epub]. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00655.2013 24553436 · DOI
  31. [32]Benigni A Corna D Zoja C Disruption of the Ang II type 1 receptor promotes longevity in mice J Clin Invest 2009 119 524 530 19197138 PMC2648681
  32. [33]de Cavanagh EM Piotrkowski B Basso N Enalapril and losartan attenuate mitochondrial dysfunction in aged rats FASEB J 2003 17 1096 1098 12709417
  33. [34]Ma LJ Fogo AB Model of robust induction of glomerulosclerosis in mice: importance of genetic background Kidney Int 2003 64 350 355 12787428
  34. [35]Kuro-o M Matsumura Y Aizawa H Mutation of the mouse klotho gene leads to a syndrome resembling ageing Nature 1997 390 45 51 9363890
  35. [36]Kuro-o M Klotho and the aging process Korean J Intern Med 2011 26 113 122 21716585 PMC3110841
  36. [37]Koh N Fujimori T Nishiguchi S Severely reduced production of klotho in human chronic renal failure kidney Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001 280 1015 1020 11162628
  37. [38]Kuro-o M Klotho and aging Biochim Biophys Acta 2009 1790 1049 1058 19230844 PMC2743784
  38. [39]Mitani H Ishizaka N Aizawa T In vivo klotho gene transfer ameliorates angiotensin II-induced renal damage Hypertension 2002 39 838 843 11967236
  39. [40]Saito K Ishizaka N Mitani H Ohno M Nagai R Iron chelation and a free radical scavenger suppress angiotensin II-induced downregulation of klotho, an anti-aging gene, in rat FEBS Lett 2003 551 58 62 12965205
  40. [41]Karalliedde J Maltese G Hill B Viberti G Gnudi L Effect of renin-angiotensin system blockade on soluble Klotho in patients with type 2 diabetes, systolic hypertension, and albuminuria Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2013 8 1899 1905 23929932 PMC3817905
  41. [42]Yoon HE Ghee JY Piao S Angiotensin II blockade upregulates the expression of Klotho, the anti-ageing gene, in an experimental model of chronic cyclosporine nephropathy Nephrol Dial Transplant 2011 26 800 813 20813770 PMC3108350
  42. [43]Yoon HE Yang CW Established and newly proposed mechanisms of chronic cyclosporine nephropathy Korean J Intern Med 2009 24 81 92 19543484 PMC2698583

Authors
Yoon, H. E., & Choi, B. S.
Affiliations
Catholic University of Korea (KR)
Corresponding author
Choi, Bum Soon
ORCID
Venue
The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine
Publisher
Korean Association of Internal Medicine
Published
2014
Volume
29
Issue
3
Pages
291
ISSN
  • 1226-3303 (ISSN-L)
  • 2005-6648
DOI
10.3904/kjim.2014.29.3.291
PMC
PMC4028516
OpenAlex
W2119358966
Cited by
95
References
44
Citations by year
2026: 10 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 5
FWCI
1.02
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Research Foundation
  • National Research Foundation of Korea (2011-0023126)
  • Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (2011-0023126)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Renin-Angiotensin System Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Nephrology › Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Renal and Vascular Pathologies
Keywords
renin-angiotensin system, kidney aging, chronic kidney disease, acute kidney injury, fluid and electrolyte imbalance, older adults
MeSH terms
Klotho Proteins, Age Factors, Aging, Animals, Glucuronidase, Humans, Kidney, Kidney Diseases, Prognosis, Renin-Angiotensin System, Risk Factors, Acute Kidney Injury

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review