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Clientélisme, communautarisme et fragmentation territoriale en Syrie
Open accessAbstract
Résumé La fragmentation du territoire syrien sur des bases communautaires est directement liée au fonctionnement du régime baathiste contrôlé par un clan issu d’une minorité religieuse : les alaouites. L’appartenance à une minorité considérée comme hérétique par les musulmans sunnites, qui constituent 80 % de la population syrienne, prive la famille Assad d’une réelle légitimité qui l’oblige à utiliser les ressorts du clientélisme politique pour se maintenir au pouvoir. Tout en condamnant le confessionnalisme qui plonge les pays voisins dans la tourmente, le clan des Assad, fonde sa stratégie sur trois points : unifier et asservir la communauté alaouite dans laquelle sont recrutés l’essentiel des forces de sécurité et les cadres du régime, associer les autres minorités (chrétiens, ismaéliens et druzes) contre les sunnites, et enfin diviser la majorité sunnite pour marginaliser sa force politique potentielle. Dans la région côtière (provinces de Lattaquié et Tartous) ces principes sont exacerbés car il s’agit du fief de la communauté alaouite. L’unité et l’extension territoriale de la communauté alaouite se produit contre les musulmans sunnites, dont les territoires sont marginalisés, tandis que les territoires chrétiens et les ismaéliens sont mieux intégrés dans ce qui est conçu comme un territoire refuge en cas de perte du pouvoir à Damas.
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“In short, all kinds of services have been distributed according to a specific political logic: sustaining the patron-client networks that have become ever more important for the regime's stability (Balanche, 2009: 124).”
From The Ba'athist blackout? Selective goods provision and political violence in the Syrian civil war (2015) · cites this paper as Balanche, 2009: 124
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“Balanche (2009) holds that key decisions about local state service provision - such as the building of a school or a health center, electricity connections, or the exact routing of a street - depend crucially on clientelist ties and, more broadly, follow a regime-maintenance logic.”
From The Ba'athist blackout? Selective goods provision and political violence in the Syrian civil war (2015) · cites this paper as Balanche, 2009
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The Ba'athist blackout? Selective goods provision and political violence in the Syrian civil war
De Juan, A., & Bank, A. (2015) · Journal of Peace Research · doi:10.1177/0022343314559437 · Cited by 81
“We focus on one of these services – namely, the provision of electricity.”
BackgroundBalanche, F. (2010) · L’Espace Politique · doi:10.4000/espacepolitique.1619 · Cited by 7
Self-citationOrta Doğu’da Modern Devletin İnşası: Irak ve Suriye Örnekleri Üzerinden Bir Değerlendirme
Embel, M. Ö. (2021) · Türkiye Ortadoğu Çalışmaları Dergisi · doi:10.26513/tocd.770416 · Cited by 4
Syria: From a Non-religious and Democratic Revolution to Daesh
Balanche, F. (2016) · Hérodote · doi:10.3917/her.160.0123 · Cited by 4
Self-citationBaczko, A., Dorronsoro, G., & Quesnay, A. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108355322.003
Metadata
- Authors
- Balanche, F.
- Corresponding author
- Balanche, Fabrice
- Venue
- A contrario
- Publisher
- CAIRN
- Published
- 2009-06-22
- Volume
- n° 11
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 122-150
- ISSN
- 1660-7880 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1488808676
- Cited by
- 15
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2022: 2 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 2.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- fr
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- A contrario (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Cairn.info (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Middle East Politics and Society
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Political Conflict and Governance
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Islamic Studies and History
- Keywords
- clientelism, communitarianism, territorial fragmentation, Alawites, Sunnis, sectarianism, political legitimacy, minority groups, Druze, Ismailis, Christians, Latakia, Tartu
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- Balanche, F. (2009). Clientélisme, communautarisme et fragmentation territoriale en Syrie. A contrario. https://doi.org/10.3917/aco.061.0122
