Nonpharmacological Interventions for Management of Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia in Long-Term Care Facilities by Direct Caregivers: A Systematic Review
Open accessAbstract
Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are a worldwide problem. Estimates indicate approximately 96% of persons with dementia (PWD) exhibit BPSD that are directly associated with long-term care (LTC) placement and approximately one half of these persons experience symptoms classified as severe. BPSD are associated with lost days of work, high turnover, and poor job satisfaction for direct caregivers. Nonpharmacological interventions (NPIs) are effective for management of BPSD when used properly. NPIs are more likely to be used by direct caregivers who are knowledgeable about and have confidence in BPSD effectiveness. Various training techniques promote development of this self-efficacy. The current systematic review synthesizes evidence concerning the use of NPIs for management of BPSD by direct caregivers in LTC settings. Gaps in the literature include evaluation of positive impact of NPIs on PWD and behavior precedent factors. This review emphasizes the need for development and provision of quality NPI education for direct caregivers in LTC settings. [ Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 48 (7), 18–23.]
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With training in active listening, empathic response and other relevant skills, direct care workers can reduce social isolation, provide emotional support and, with additional training, help administer nonpharmacological treatments to prevent or reduce distress associated with dementia.
“With training in active listening, empathic response and other relevant skills, direct care workers can reduce social isolation, provide emotional support and, with additional training, help administer nonpharmacological treatments — such as music and pet therapy and person‐centered bathing — to prevent or reduce distress associated with dementia.”
From 2024 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures (2024) · cites this paper as [764]
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References 41 · Cited by 16
- Authors
- Lyons, T. L., & Champion, J. D.
- Venue
- Journal of Gerontological Nursing
- Publisher
- SLACK, Inc.
- Published
- 2022-07
- Volume
- 48
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 18-23
- ISSN
- 0098-9134 (ISSN-L)
- 1938-243X
- OpenAlex
- W4283732993
- Cited by
- 16
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1
- FWCI
- 0.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- Journal of Gerontological Nursing (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Geriatric Care and Nursing Homes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Palliative Care and End-of-Life Issues
- Keywords
- behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, non-pharmacological treatment, long-term care, caregiver education, caregiver self-efficacy, dementia care
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Dementia, Homes for the Aged, Humans, Long-Term Care, Nursing Homes, Caregivers
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