Choline intake and risk of lethal prostate cancer: incidence and survival
Open accessAbstract
Background Meat, milk, and eggs have been inconsistently associated with the risk of advanced prostate cancer. These foods are sources of choline-a nutrient that may affect prostate cancer progression through cell membrane function and one-carbon metabolism. No study has examined dietary choline and the risk of lethal prostate cancer.Objective Our objective was to examine whether dietary choline, choline-containing compounds, and betaine (a choline metabolite) increase the risk of lethal prostate cancer.Design We prospectively examined the intake of these nutrients and the risk of lethal prostate cancer among 47,896 men in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study. In a case-only survival analysis, we examined the postdiagnostic intake of these nutrients and the risk of lethal prostate cancer among 4282 men with an initial diagnosis of nonmetastatic disease during follow-up. Diet was assessed with a validated questionnaire 6 times during 22 y of follow-up.Results In the incidence analysis, we observed 695 lethal prostate cancers during 879,627 person-years. Men in the highest quintile of choline intake had a 70% increased risk of lethal prostate cancer (HR: 1.70; 95% CI: 1.18, 2.45; P-trend = 0.005). In the case-only survival analysis, we observed 271 lethal cases during 33,679 person-years. Postdiagnostic choline intake was not statistically significantly associated with the risk of lethal prostate cancer (HR for quintile 5 compared with quintile 1: 1.69; 95% CI: 0.93, 3.09; P-trend = 0.20).Conclusion Of the 47,896 men in our study population, choline intake was associated with an increased risk of lethal prostate cancer.
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High dietary choline intake is linked to a significantly increased risk of lethal prostate cancer.
“High dietary intake of choline has been linked to a significantly increased risk of lethal prostate cancer (Richman et al., 2012).”
From The emerging hallmarks of cancer metabolism (2016) · cites this paper as Richman et al., 2012
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References 40 · Cited by 75
- Authors
- Richman, E. L., Kenfield, S. A., Stampfer, M. J., Giovannucci, E. L., Zeisel, S. H., Willett, W. C., & Chan, J. M.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Corresponding author
- Richman, Erin L
- ORCID
- Venue
- The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-10
- Volume
- 96
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 855-863
- ISSN
- 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3441112
- OpenAlex
- W2127899544
- Cited by
- 75
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 4
- FWCI
- 3.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Prostate Cancer Foundation
- National Institutes of Health (CA112355, CA098566, CA55075)
- National Cancer Institute (CA-55075, R01CA141298, CA141298, CA112355, R25CA098566, R25CA112355, CA098566)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Cancer, Lipids, and Metabolism
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Prostate Cancer Treatment and Research
- Keywords
- choline intake, lethal prostate cancer, betaine, choline-containing compounds, dietary fat, one-carbon metabolism, cancer incidence, cancer survival, Health Professionals Follow-up Study
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Betaine, Choline, Diet, Follow-Up Studies, Health Personnel, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Phosphatidylcholines, Phosphorylcholine, Prospective Studies, Prostatic Neoplasms, Risk, Sphingomyelins, United States, Cohort Studies, Incidence, Survival Analysis, Disease Progression
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