Habitual sleep duration is associated with BMI and macronutrient intake and may be modified by CLOCK genetic variants
Open accessAbstract
Background Short sleep duration has been associated with greater risks of obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Also, common genetic variants in the human Circadian Locomotor Output Cycles Kaput (CLOCK) show associations with ghrelin and total energy intake.Objectives We examined associations between habitual sleep duration, body mass index (BMI), and macronutrient intake and assessed whether CLOCK variants modify these associations.Design We conducted inverse-variance weighted, fixed-effect meta-analyses of results of adjusted associations of sleep duration and BMI and macronutrient intake as percentages of total energy as well as interactions with CLOCK variants from 9 cohort studies including up to 14,906 participants of European descent from the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology Consortium.Results We observed a significant association between sleep duration and lower BMI (β ± SE = 0.16 ± 0.04, P < 0.0001) in the overall sample; however, associations between sleep duration and relative macronutrient intake were evident in age- and sex-stratified analyses only. We observed a significant association between sleep duration and lower saturated fatty acid intake in younger (aged 20-64 y) adults (men: 0.11 ± 0.06%, P = 0.03; women: 0.10 ± 0.05%, P = 0.04) and with lower carbohydrate (-0.31 ± 0.12%, P < 0.01), higher total fat (0.18 ± 0.09%, P = 0.05), and higher PUFA (0.05 ± 0.02%, P = 0.02) intakes in older (aged 65-80 y) women. In addition, the following 2 nominally significant interactions were observed: between sleep duration and rs12649507 on PUFA intake and between sleep duration and rs6858749 on protein intake.Conclusions Our results indicate that longer habitual sleep duration is associated with lower BMI and age- and sex-specific favorable dietary behaviors. Differences in the relative intake of specific macronutrients associated with short sleep duration could, at least in part, explain previously reported associations between short sleep duration and chronic metabolic abnormalities. In addition, the influence of obesity-associated CLOCK variants on the association between sleep duration and macronutrient intake suggests that longer habitual sleep duration could ameliorate the genetic predisposition to obesity via a favorable dietary profile.
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Evidence for interactions between diet and these genes is uncommon.
“Large investigations pooling multiple cohorts have observed main (population) effects of either dietary influences or genes on major cardiometabolic risk factors, but evidence for interactions between diet and these genes is uncommon and, more relevantly, magnitudes of such potential interactions are often small.78-83”
From Dietary and Policy Priorities for Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, and Obesity: A Comprehensive Review (2016) · cites this paper as [82]
Magnitudes of such potential gene-diet interactions are often small.
“Large investigations pooling multiple cohorts have observed main (population) effects of either dietary influences or genes on major cardiometabolic risk factors, but evidence for interactions between diet and these genes is uncommon and, more relevantly, magnitudes of such potential interactions are often small.78-83”
From Dietary and Policy Priorities for Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, and Obesity: A Comprehensive Review (2016) · cites this paper as [82]
Large investigations pooling multiple cohorts have observed main (population) effects of either dietary influences or genes on major cardiometabolic risk factors.
“Large investigations pooling multiple cohorts have observed main (population) effects of either dietary influences or genes on major cardiometabolic risk factors, but evidence for interactions between diet and these genes is uncommon and, more relevantly, magnitudes of such potential interactions are often small.78-83”
From Dietary and Policy Priorities for Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, and Obesity: A Comprehensive Review (2016) · cites this paper as [82]
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References 40 · Cited by 112
- Authors
- Dashti, H. S., Follis, J. L., Smith, C. E., Tanaka, T., Cade, B. E., Gottlieb, D. J., Hruby, A., Jacques, P. F., Lamon-Fava, S., Richardson, K., Saxena, R., Scheer, F. A., Kovanen, L., Bartz, T. M., Perälä, M.-M., Jonsson, A., Frazier-Wood, A. C., Kalafati, I.-P., Mikkilä, V., Partonen, T., Lemaitre, R. N., Lahti, J., Hernandez, D. G., Toft, U., Johnson, W. C., Kanoni, S., Raitakari, O. T., Perola, M., Psaty, B. M., Ferrucci, L., Grarup, N., Highland, H. M., Rallidis, L., Kähönen, M., Havulinna, A. S., Siscovick, D. S., Räikkönen, K., Jørgensen, T., Rotter, J. I., Deloukas, P., Viikari, J. S., Mozaffarian, D., Linneberg, A., Seppälä, I., Hansen, T., Salomaa, V., Gharib, S. A., Eriksson, J. G., Bandinelli, S., Pedersen, O., Rich, S. S., Dedoussis, G., Lehtimäki, T., & Ordovás, J. M.
- Affiliations
- Tufts University (US)
- ORCID
- Dashti, Hassan S
- Smith, Caren E
- Tanaka, Toshiko
- Cade, Brian E
- Gottlieb, Daniel J
- Hruby, Adela
- Jacques, Paul F
- Saxena, Richa
- Scheer, Frank AJL
- Kovanen, Leena
- Bartz, Traci M
- Perälä, Mia-Maria
- Jonsson, Anna
- Kalafati, Ioanna-Panagiota
- Partonen, Timo
- Lahti, Jari
- Hernandez, Dena G
- Toft, Ulla
- Kanoni, Stavroula
- Raitakari, Olli T
- Perola, Markus
- Psaty, Bruce M
- Ferrucci, Luigi
- Grarup, Niels
- Highland, Heather M
- Kähönen, Mika
- Havulinna, Aki S
- Siscovick, David S
- Räikkönen, Katri
- Jørgensen, Torben
- Rotter, Jerome I
- Deloukas, Panos
- Mozaffarian, Dariush
- Linneberg, Allan
- Hansen, Torben
- Salomaa, Veikko
- Gharib, Sina A
- Eriksson, Johan G
- Bandinelli, Stefania
- Pedersen, Oluf
- Rich, Stephen S
- Dedoussis, George
- Lehtimäki, Terho
- Ordovás, José M
- Venue
- The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-01
- Volume
- 101
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 135-143
- ISSN
- 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4266883
- OpenAlex
- W2096026037
- Cited by
- 112
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 16.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- USDA (58-1950-0-014)
- NIH (R21 DK089378, R01 HL094806)
- CES (K08 HL112845-01)
- Academy of Finland (136635, 139635, 134309, 126925, 121584, 124282, 129378, 117787, 41071)
- Finnish Foundation for Cardiovascular Research
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
- U.S. National Institute on Aging (AG023629, 263 MD 9164, 263 MD 821336)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute (UL1TR000124)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL105756, HHSN268201200036C, HHSN268200800007C, N01HC55222, N01HC85079, N01HC85080, N01HC85081, N01HC85082, N01HC85083, N01HC85086, HL080295, HL087652, HL053916)
- Danish Research Council
- Signe and Ane Gyllenberg Foundation
- University of Helsinki
- Ministry of Education
- Ahokas Foundation
- Emil Aaltonen Foundation
- Danish Centre for Health Technology Assessment
- Research Foundation of Copenhagen County
- Ministry of Internal Affairs and Health
- Danish Heart Foundation
- Danish Pharmaceutical Association
- Augustinus Foundation
- Ib Henriksen Foundation
- Becket Foundation
- Danish Diabetes Association
- Social Insurance Institution of Finland
- Tampere and Turku University Hospital Medical Funds (9M048, 9N035)
- Juho Vainio Foundation
- Paavo Nurmi Foundation
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK063491)
- Novo Nordisk
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Keywords
- duration, body mass index, macronutrient intake, dietary saturated fatty acids, dietary carbohydrates, dietary protein, polyunsaturated fatty acids, circadian clock, obesity, gene-environment interaction, age and sex differences, dietary fat intake
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Energy Intake, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diet, Dietary Proteins, Fatty Acids, Unsaturated, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Sleep, Cohort Studies, Body Mass Index, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, White People, Young Adult, CLOCK Proteins, Gene-Environment Interaction
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