Cited by 225Iron Metabolism and DisordersHemoglobinopathies and Related DisordersTrace Elements in Health

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Iron status in pregnant women and women of reproductive age in Europe

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Milman, Nils, Taylor, Christine L, Merkel, Joyce, Brannon, Patsy M·2017·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

DOI 10.3945/ajcn.117.156000PMC PMC5701710

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Abstract

Understanding the iron status in pregnant women in Europe provides a foundation for considering the role of iron screening and supplementation. However, available reports and studies have used different approaches that challenge the devising of overall summaries. Moreover, data on pregnant women are limited, and thus, data on women of reproductive age provide useful background information including baseline iron stores in pregnant women. This review considered data that are available from >15 European countries including national surveys and relevant clinical studies. In European women of reproductive age, median or geometric mean serum ferritin (SF) concentrations were estimated at 26-38 μg/L. Approximately 40-55% of this population had small or depleted iron stores (i.e., SF concentration ≤30 μg/L), and 45-60% of this population had apparently replete iron stores. The prevalence of iron deficiency (ID) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) was 10-32% and 2-5%, respectively, depending on the cutoffs used. Approximately 20-35% of European women of reproductive age had sufficient iron stores (SF concentration >70 μg/L) to complete a pregnancy without supplementary iron. During pregnancy, European women in controlled supplementation trials who were not receiving iron supplements displayed increasing prevalences of ID and IDA during pregnancy, which peaked in the middle to late third trimester. Available evidence has suggested that, in gestational weeks 32-39, the median or geometric mean SF concentrations were 6-21 μg/L, and prevalences of ID and IDA were 28-85% and 21-35%, respectively. Women who were taking iron supplements had higher iron status and lower prevalences of ID and IDA, which were dependent on the dose of iron and compliance. The data suggest that, in Europe, the iron status of reproductive-aged women varies by region and worsens in pregnancy without iron supplementation.

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Authors: Milman, N., Taylor, C. L., Merkel, J., & Brannon, P. M.
Affiliations: Næstved Sygehus (DK)
National Institutes of Health (US)
Corresponding author: Milman, Nils
ORCID: Milman, Nils
Taylor, Christine L
Venue: The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2017-12
Volume: 106
Issue: Suppl 6
Pages: 1655S-1662S
ISSN: 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.117.156000
PMC: PMC5701710
OpenAlex: W2767104704
Cited by: 225
References: 53
Citations by year: 2026: 9 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 58 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 2
FWCI: 2.04
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 1895 d)
Locations: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Iron Metabolism and Disorders
Health Sciences › Medicine › Genetics (clinical) › Hemoglobinopathies and Related Disorders
Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Trace Elements in Health
Keywords: iron status, pregnant women, women of reproductive age, serum ferritin, iron deficiency, iron deficiency anemia, iron supplementation, iron stores, European women
MeSH terms: Iron Deficiencies, Europe, Female, Ferritins, Hemoglobins, Humans, Iron, Pregnancy, Anemia, Iron-Deficiency, Dietary Supplements

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Iron status in pregnant women and women of reproductive age in Europe

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