Consumption of Added Sugars from Liquid but Not Solid Sources Predicts Impaired Glucose Homeostasis and Insulin Resistance among Youth at Risk of Obesity
Open accessAbstract
Little is known about longitudinal associations between added sugar consumption (solid and liquid sources) and glucose-insulin homeostasis among youth. Caucasian children (8-10 y) with at least one obese biological parent were recruited in the QUébec Adipose and Lifestyle InvesTigation in Youth (QUALITY) cohort (n = 630) and followed-up 2 y later (n = 564). Added sugars were assessed by 3 24-h dietary recalls at baseline. Two-year changes were examined in multivariate linear regression models, adjusting for baseline level, age, sex, Tanner stage, energy intake, fat mass (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), and physical activity (7 d accelerometer). Added sugar intake in either liquid or solid sources was not related to changes in adiposity measures (fat mass, body mass index, or waist circumference). However, a higher consumption (10 g/d) of added sugars from liquid sources was associated with 0.04 mmol/L higher fasting glucose, 2.3 pmol/L higher fasting insulin, 0.1 unit higher homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and 0.4 unit lower Matsuda-insulin sensitivity index (Matsuda-ISI) in all participants (P < 0.01). No associations were observed with consumption of added sugars from solid sources. Overweight/obese children at baseline had greater increases in adiposity indicators, fasting insulin, and HOMA-IR and decreases in Matsuda-ISI during those 2 y than normal-weight children. Consumption of added sugars from liquid or solid sources was not associated with changes in adiposity, but liquid added sugars were a risk factor for the development of impaired glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance over 2 y among youth at risk of obesity.
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A modest number of studies reported a positive association between SSB consumption and insulin resistance risk among children and adolescents.
“A modest number of studies reported a positive association between SSB consumption and insulin resistance risk among children and adolescents, with the majority conducted cross-sectionally [62–65], one conducted longitudinally [66] and no intervention studies conducted (Table 2).”
From The negative impact of sugar-sweetened beverages on children’s health: an update of the literature (2018) · cites this paper as [66]
An additional 10 g/day of added sugar from liquid sources was associated with a 0.01 unit increase in HOMA-IR over two year follow-up.
“Only one longitudinal study was conducted to examine this association, reporting that an additional 10 g/day of added sugar from liquid sources was associated with a 0.04 mmol/L higher fasting glucose, 2.3 pmol/L higher fasting insulin and a 0.01 unit increase in HOMA-IR over two year follow-up [66].”
From The negative impact of sugar-sweetened beverages on children’s health: an update of the literature (2018) · cites this paper as [66]
An additional 10 g/day of added sugar from liquid sources was associated with a 0.04 mmol/L higher fasting glucose over two year follow-up.
“Only one longitudinal study was conducted to examine this association, reporting that an additional 10 g/day of added sugar from liquid sources was associated with a 0.04 mmol/L higher fasting glucose, 2.3 pmol/L higher fasting insulin and a 0.01 unit increase in HOMA-IR over two year follow-up [66].”
From The negative impact of sugar-sweetened beverages on children’s health: an update of the literature (2018) · cites this paper as [66]
An additional 10 g/day of added sugar from liquid sources was associated with a 2.3 pmol/L higher fasting insulin over two year follow-up.
“Only one longitudinal study was conducted to examine this association, reporting that an additional 10 g/day of added sugar from liquid sources was associated with a 0.04 mmol/L higher fasting glucose, 2.3 pmol/L higher fasting insulin and a 0.01 unit increase in HOMA-IR over two year follow-up [66].”
From The negative impact of sugar-sweetened beverages on children’s health: an update of the literature (2018) · cites this paper as [66]
The majority of studies on SSB consumption and insulin resistance risk among children and adolescents were cross-sectional, one was longitudinal, and no intervention studies were conducted.
“A modest number of studies reported a positive association between SSB consumption and insulin resistance risk among children and adolescents, with the majority conducted cross-sectionally [62–65], one conducted longitudinally [66] and no intervention studies conducted (Table 2).”
From The negative impact of sugar-sweetened beverages on children’s health: an update of the literature (2018) · cites this paper as [66]
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References 43 · Cited by 88
- Authors
- Wang, J., Light, K., Henderson, M., O’Loughlin, J., Mathieu, M.-E., Paradis, G., & Gray-Donald, K.
- Affiliations
- McGill University (CA)
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine (CA)
- Université de Montréal (CA)
- Venue
- The Journal of Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-01
- Volume
- 144
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 81-86
- ISSN
- 0022-3166 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2145942295
- Cited by
- 88
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 3
- FWCI
- 6.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada
- Fonds de la recherche en santé du Québec
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Keywords
- added sugars, insulin resistance, impaired glucose homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, childhood obesity, overweight children, parental obesity, adiposity, fasting insulin, fasting blood glucose, QUALITY cohort
- MeSH terms
- Beverages, Blood Glucose, Energy Intake, Carbohydrates, Child, Diet, Fasting, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Glucose Tolerance Test, Homeostasis, Humans, Insulin, Insulin Resistance, Life Style, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Motor Activity, Obesity, Prospective Studies, Quebec, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk Factors, Absorptiometry, Photon, Nutrition Assessment, Body Mass Index, Multivariate Analysis, Linear Models, Adiposity, Waist Circumference
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