The DOI matches its Crossref record; 46 of the 46 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 26 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Innovación y conocimiento libre: cuestiones morales y políticas
Open accessAbstract
En el presente trabajo se parte de que la innovación requiere transmisión de información. En la actualidad, el contenido de la transmisión de información se halla sometido a una regulación legal, habitualmente la propiedad intelectual, donde los agentes intervinientes y su requisito de sistema de permisos dificultan la transmisión libre. Para solucionar esta problemática, se están promoviendo dos tipos de soluciones: el primero mediante código legal y el segundo mediante código informático. Estas soluciones, que se fundamentan en razones morales, tienen consecuencias políticas y determinan el modelo de sociedad que podemos construir mediante el conocimiento transmitido.
Overview
CoChat Summary
Written by AI from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
The paper argues that innovation depends on information transmission, but intellectual property's per-use permission system obstructs free transmission, prompting legal (free licences, Open Definition) and technological (free software, p2p) responses. These responses rest on moral reasons and carry political consequences, making free knowledge a structural element of democracy rather than merely an IP question.
Key findings
- IP regulation prohibits any use of a protected work unless the user obtains the holder's permission, falls within a legal limit, or the work is in the public domain; rights holders have litigated in Spain against every element of Shannon's (1948) communication model — emitters/receivers (p2p users), coders/decoders (modchips), message (SGAE and CEDRO claims, including against two universities), channel (private-copying levy declared illegal by the CJEU on 21 October 2010), and noise (flooding p2p networks with junk files).
- Common features of these suits are asymmetry between transnational companies and individuals and asymmetry of procedural rules: reversal of the burden of proof and a presumption that collecting societies represent all rights holders, described in one ruling as a "monopolio probatorio" in favour of SGAE (sentencia nº 166/2008, Juzgado de lo Mercantil nº 7 de Madrid).
- Market concentration is cited as evidence: about 600 holders (1.7% of beneficiaries) concentrate 75% of what SGAE distributes (CNC, 2009, 26-27).
- Proposed solutions are grouped as legal (standardised free licences — GPL, BSD, Creative Commons — and the Open Definition initiative) and technological (free software, p2p networks, Openvpn, Opendns, Guifi.net, GPG, DeCSS), with hackers acting as "legisladores negativos."
- Morally and politically, the paper invokes Moglen's question about why it is moral to exclude anyone from goods that can be provided at the cost of the first copy, and argues that loss of information quality affects three substrates of democratic society: fundamental rights (some with an informational core, others not), the ordering of collective debate, and the fixing of democratic order — summarised in Ferrajoli's triad of money, information and politics.
Methods
- Conceptual and legal-theoretical essay, not an empirical study; it analyses Spanish and EU intellectual property law, case law and official reports (CNC 2009, AEVAL 2008).
- Uses Shannon's (1948) mathematical model of communication explicitly as a descriptive tool to order apparently isolated lawsuits, not as a validated model (the author states he is not defending its validity).
- Draws on political philosophy and legal theory (Ferrajoli, Bermudo, Echeverría, Greppi, Nussbaum, Smiers, Lessig, Benkler) to derive moral and political implications.
Limitations
- The paper states no explicit limitations section. Evident from the text: it is a normative/conceptual argument without empirical measurement of innovation effects, relying on illustrative litigation examples rather than systematic data.
- The litigation evidence is drawn mainly from the Spanish jurisdiction, although the author notes the model reproduces to a greater or lesser degree in multiple jurisdictions.
- The Shannon model is used descriptively and its validity is expressly not defended, so the mapping of lawsuits onto its seven elements is an organising device rather than a tested framework.
Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
40 Own interpretation · 15 Sources not found · 9 No basis given · 5 Own result · 4 Not checked yet · 2 No full text of the sources
A result the paper states — it cites no source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“La industria ha ejercitado la acusación penal contra los usuarios de las redes de transmisión de archivos entre pares, redes p2p”
§ Innovación y conocimiento libre: cuestiones morales y políticas Innovation and open knowledge: moral and political issues > 2. Dificultades para el desarrollo del conocimiento libre
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“encontramos que la industria del entretenimiento y algunas entidades de gestión han litigado en España contra todos y cada uno de los eslabones de la cadena de comunicación.”
§ Innovación y conocimiento libre: cuestiones morales y políticas Innovation and open knowledge: moral and political issues > 2. Dificultades para el desarrollo del conocimiento libre
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
A result the paper states — it cites no source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“la acusación penal de la industria se ha ejercitado tanto contra los usuarios como los establecimientos que venden modchips”
§ Innovación y conocimiento libre: cuestiones morales y políticas Innovation and open knowledge: moral and political issues > 2. Dificultades para el desarrollo del conocimiento libre
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper states — it cites no source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“La Sociedad General de Autores y Editores (SGAE) interpone habitualmente procedimientos de reclamación de cantidad contra los establecimientos con independencia de que se utilice el repertorio cuya gestión tiene encomendada”
§ Innovación y conocimiento libre: cuestiones morales y políticas Innovation and open knowledge: moral and political issues > 2. Dificultades para el desarrollo del conocimiento libre
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A statement the paper makes itself — it cites no source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Para mantener los precios, los titulares de los derechos han desarrollado una serie de estrategias”
§ Innovación y conocimiento libre: cuestiones morales y políticas Innovation and open knowledge: moral and political issues > 2. Dificultades para el desarrollo del conocimiento libre
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Probably not a substantial claim. 38
- It may state two separate claims as one. 42
- The quote only partly states this claim. 1
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Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Innovación y conocimiento libre: cuestiones morales y políticas Innovation and open knowledge: moral and political issues > 4. Cuestiones morales y políticas
“Para una introducción a la teoría de las élites, vid.Morán (1994).”
§ Innovación y conocimiento libre: cuestiones morales y políticas Innovation and open knowledge: moral and political issues > References
“Morán, M. L. (1993). «La teoría de las élites»”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Innovación y conocimiento libre: cuestiones morales y políticas Innovation and open knowledge: moral and political issues > 2. Dificultades para el desarrollo del conocimiento libre
“(Bessen y Meurer, 2008;Vaikhari, 2008;McCurdy, 2009;Bessen, Meurer y Ford, 2011;Tucker, 2011)”
§ Innovación y conocimiento libre: cuestiones morales y políticas Innovation and open knowledge: moral and political issues > References
“Bessen, J. y Ford, J. L. (2011). «The Private and Social Costs of Patent Trolls».”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Innovación y conocimiento libre: cuestiones morales y políticas Innovation and open knowledge: moral and political issues > References
“Bercovitz, R. (2007a). Comentario al artículo 10.1 del TRLPI, en Bercovitz, R. (coor- dinador), Comentarios a la Ley de Propiedad Intelectual. 3ª ed., pp. 151-164.”
§ Innovación y conocimiento libre: cuestiones morales y políticas Innovation and open knowledge: moral and political issues > References
“Bercovitz, R. (2007b). Comentario al artículo 13 del TRLPI, en Bercovitz, R. (coor- dinador), Comentarios a la Ley de Propiedad Intelectual. 3ª ed., pp. 151-164.”
Citations
Cites
A Mathematical Theory of Communication
Shannon, C. E. (1948) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.1002/j.1538-7305.1948.tb00917.x · Cited by 50,324
Benkler, Y. R. (2017) · Yale University Press eBooks · doi:10.12987/9780300127232 · Cited by 3,728
(1999) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 3,259
Hackers — Heroes of the computer revolution
(1986) · Computer Law & Security Report · doi:10.1016/0267-3649(86)90036-1 · Cited by 1,441
Sell, S. K. (2003) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511491665 · Cited by 1,109
Patent failure: how judges, bureaucrats, and lawyers put innovators at risk
(2009) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.46-3523 · Cited by 638
Authors and Owners: The Invention of Copyright
Rose, M. (1993) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 616
La sociedad abierta y sus enemigos
Calama, T. N., & Popper, K. (1969) · Revista española de la opinión pública · doi:10.2307/40181189 · Cited by 423
Nussbaum, M. C. (2010) · doi:10.2307/j.ctvndv60c · Cited by 337
Mauss, M. (1925) · Cited by 314
Research works printed but not linked: 11
- Bermudo, J. M. (2001). Filosofía política. I. Luces y sombras de la ciudad. Barcelona: Ediciones del Serbal.
- Drahos, P. y Braithwaite, J. (2002). Information feudalism. Who Owns the Knowledge Economy? Nueva York: New Press.
- Echeverría, J. (2012). «¿Democracia en internet?», en Champeau, S. y Innerarity, D. (comps.). Internet y el futuro de la democracia, pp. 179-199. Barcelona: Paidós.
- Ferrajoli, L. (2011). Poderes salvajes. La crisis de la democracia constitucional. Madrid: Editorial Trotta.
- Greppi, A. (2012). La democracia y su contenido. Madrid: Editorial Trotta.
- Gurrutxaga, A. y Echeverría, J. (2012). La luz de la luciérnaga. Diálogos de innovación social. Madrid: Plaza y Valdés.
- Lafuente, A. y Alonso, A. (2011). Ciencia expandida, naturaleza común y saber profano. Bernal (Buenos Aires): Universidad Nacional de Quilmes.
- Lessig, L. (2005). Por una cultura libre. Cómo los grandes grupos de comunicación utilizan la tecnología y la ley para clausurar la cultura y la creatividad. Madrid: Traficantes de Sue-os.
- Smiers, J. (2006). Un mundo sin copyright. Barcelona: Gedisa.
- Smiers, J. (2008). Imagine... No Copyright. Barcelona: Gedisa.
- Solimano, A., Tanzi, V. y Del Solar, F. (2008). Las termitas del Estado. Ensayos sobre corrupción, transparencia y desarrollo. Chile: Fondo de Cultura Económica.
Cited by
González-Cotera, J. D. L. C. (2014) · El Profesional de la Informacion · doi:10.3145/epi.2014.mar.11 · Cited by 1
Self-citationThe Private and the Public: Feminist Activisms in the Informational Turn
Almendros, L. S. (2023) · Intelligent systems reference library · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-21606-0_3
Metadata
- Authors
- De La Cueva González-Cotera, J.
- Venue
- Isegoría
- Publisher
- Editorial CSIC
- Published
- 2013-06-30
- Issue
- 48
- Pages
- 51-74
- ISSN
- 1130-2097 (ISSN-L)
- 1988-8376
- OpenAlex
- W2321350606
- Cited by
- 3
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2023: 1 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 7.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- es
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Isegoría (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- E-LIS Repository (University of Naples Federico II) (acceptedVersion)
- PhilPapers (PhilPapers Foundation) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- PhilPapers (PhilPapers Foundation) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Law › Intellectual Property Rights and Media
- Social Sciences › Law › Intellectual Property Law
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Management of Technology and Innovation › Intellectual Property and Patents
- Keywords
- innovation, free knowledge, intellectual property, information transmission, moral argument, legal codes, software licensing, open access, information policy
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