The DOI matches its Crossref record; none of the 46 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Kaikei, Chōkai, and the Sacred Image of Eleven-Headed Kannon at Hasedera
Open accessAbstract
The sacred image Eleven-Headed Kannon at Hasedera in Nara, originally carved in 727, has long been famous for its power to grant miracles.However, the image itself has had a rather calamitous history.By the start of the thirteenth century it had been destroyed three times by fire, and it burned again in 1219.Kaikei, one of the leading sculptors of the Kei school, was immediately commissioned to replace the statue.How was he able to transfer the numinous qualities of the lost original to the new image?How were those qualities instilled in other copies as the Hasedera cult spread across Japan?At a time when individual artists were increasingly aware of their own agency, how did they resolve the dilemma posed by replicating a sacred prototype?This paper focuses on the 1219 replacement by Kaikei (which burned in 1283), and a copy of that image by his disciple Chōkai, to examine the practice of copying sacred images in Japan.
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42 Sources not found · 31 Own interpretation · 15 No basis given · 10 Own result · 2 Not checked yet
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“twenty-six years later, in 1218, he was called upon to repair the image.”
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Kaikei and the Seiryōji Shaka of 1192
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the first detailed documented replication of the Shaka at Seiryōji was by Kaikei.That statue, accompanied by images of the Ten Great Disciples of the Buddha, was dedicated in the twelfth intercalary month of 1192 with a ritual to proactively seek benefits for Emperor Go-Shirakawa”
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Kaikei and the Seiryōji Shaka of 1192
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In 1151 an anonymous sculptor completed an Amida triad now housed at Chōgakuji”
- Also stated in: § Rock-Crystal Eyes and the Rise of the Kei School · plain
“This technique had been unknown in Japan prior to the completion of the Chōgakuji triad.”
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Rock-Crystal Eyes and the Rise of the Kei School
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Also stated in: § Rock-Crystal Eyes and the Rise of the Kei School · plain
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“One is the frequent presence of the sculptor's name, either inscribed or carved on an image or its pedestal.”
- Also stated in: § Rock-Crystal Eyes and the Rise of the Kei School · plain
“the artists of the Kei school, who rose to prominence in the late twelfth century refurbishing the Nara temples destroyed in the devastating fires of 1180, and other Kamakura-period sculptors often signed their works.”
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Rock-Crystal Eyes and the Rise of the Kei School
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Also stated in: § Rock-Crystal Eyes and the Rise of the Kei School · plain
In the paper
“Listed among its halls was a Kannon-dō, the main image of which was a statue of Eleven-Headed Kannon made from the consecrated wood (misogi) of the statue at Hasedera.46”
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Chōkai and the Eleven-Headed Kannon in the Paramita Museum
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [46]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the various medieval replications of the image at Hase and Chōkai's statue in the collection of the Paramita Museum are the only images known to date to have been carved from trees that had been struck by lightning.”
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Kaikei and the Hasedera Eleven-Headed Kannon of 1219
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“What information that is known about Chōkai is from the 1250s.41”
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Chōkai and the Eleven-Headed Kannon in the Paramita Museum
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [41]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“however, his direct relationship with Kaikei remains unclear.”
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Chōkai and the Eleven-Headed Kannon in the Paramita Museum
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“unlike other early images of Eleven-Headed Kannon that were the focus of rites of repentance or worshipped to provide protection from pestilence, the Hase statue seems to have been exclusively known for working miracles.19”
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Kaikei and the Hasedera Eleven-Headed Kannon of 1219
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [19]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Kaikei and fifteen assistants sculpted the image over a thirty-three-day period, beginning on the seventeenth day of the fourth month and finishing on the twentieth day of the fifth month of 1219.38”
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Kaikei and the Hasedera Eleven-Headed Kannon of 1219
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [38]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- It may state two separate claims as one. 59
- The quote only partly states this claim. 4
- Probably not a substantial claim. 19
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“who often added the term”
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Rock-Crystal Eyes and the Rise of the Kei School
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The innovations were enthusiastically received by Kōkei (act.1175-1200), generally considered to be the founder of the Kei school, and his two main disciples: his son, Unkei (d.1223), and Kaikei.In fact, they are present on each sculptor's earliest known work”
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Rock-Crystal Eyes and the Rise of the Kei School
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Kaikei adopted the title”
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Kaikei and the Seiryōji Shaka of 1192
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [10]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“his Eleven-Headed Kannon is not extant today.It perished in a fire in 1280.”
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Kaikei and the Hasedera Eleven-Headed Kannon of 1219
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This work is a faithful copy of the Seiryōji statue in many ways-the hair has been fashioned into two spirals, the urna is a flat metal disc, the ears hold pieces of rock crystal, and the image clearly wears three robes.”
- Also stated in: § Kaikei and the Seiryōji Shaka of 1192 · plain
“The modeling and proportions of the face, body, and hands are more naturalistic”
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Kaikei and the Seiryōji Shaka of 1192
boostedcorrelationalSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
- Also stated in: § Kaikei and the Seiryōji Shaka of 1192 · plain
In the paper
“the anonymous artist of the Chōgakuji triad at some point during the carving process added a number of small pieces of wood to his images, placing them between the main blocks, thereby allowing him to add to the volume of the bodies and the drapery.3”
- Also stated in: § Rock-Crystal Eyes and the Rise of the Kei School · plain
“resulting in a greater physical presence and a stark contrast with the more ethereal idealized forms produced by artists in the Heian capital.”
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Rock-Crystal Eyes and the Rise of the Kei School
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [3]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Rock-Crystal Eyes and the Rise of the Kei School · plain
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A second is the appearance, and subsequent widespread adoption, of inlaid rock crystal for the eyes of Buddhist images.This technical innovation was accompanied by a shift to a more naturalistic treatment of form.”
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Rock-Crystal Eyes and the Rise of the Kei School
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the image was fashioned from fifteen or sixteen consecrated timbers of a diameter of two shaku and eight sun and a length of more than three jō.”
- Also stated in: § Kaikei and the Hasedera Eleven-Headed Kannon of 1219 · plain
“All were from trees that had been struck by lightning (described in the text as hekireki no ki nari).”
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Kaikei and the Hasedera Eleven-Headed Kannon of 1219
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
- Also stated in: § Kaikei and the Hasedera Eleven-Headed Kannon of 1219 · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In addition, the statue possesses inlaid rock-crystal eyes.”
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Chōkai and the Eleven-Headed Kannon in the Paramita Museum
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“While the sculpting was taking place, the stone pedestal had to be cleaned and prepared.This work was supervised by two monks: the solicitor for the project, Jō'Amidabutsu, and Chinjō, who is described as having performed the thousand-day Esoteric fire ritual (sennichi goma hō).”
- Also stated in: § Kaikei and the Hasedera Eleven-Headed Kannon of 1219 · plain
“The Buddha head from the previous image was placed in a chest, to be installed inside the new image after it was completed.”
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Kaikei and the Hasedera Eleven-Headed Kannon of 1219
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Kaikei and the Hasedera Eleven-Headed Kannon of 1219 · plain
In the paper
“Chōkai's name does not appear among the artists who worked with Kaikei to replace the Eleven-Headed Kannon at Hasedera in 1219, nor in association with any of Kaikei's late works, completed in the 1220s, before his death in 1227.39”
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Chōkai and the Eleven-Headed Kannon in the Paramita Museum
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [39]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Not matched
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“his Eleven-Headed Kannon is not extant today.It perished in a fire in 1280.”
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Kaikei and the Hasedera Eleven-Headed Kannon of 1219
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“While the image was dedicated on the thirty-third day, it took four more months to complete the lacquering, gilding, and the construction of the mandorla.The hall to house the image was not finished until five years later.”
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Kaikei and the Hasedera Eleven-Headed Kannon of 1219
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“the monk's staff, one of the elements that distinguished the miracle-working Hasedera Eleven-Headed Kannon from other images of the same deity, is said to have been saved, along with two small heads from atop the main head, and fragments of the drapery.These were collected and taken to the main hall of the temple, where rituals were performed that included the recitation of the Lotus Sutra.”
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > The Hasedera Eleven-Headed Kannon of 1280
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [50]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The Buddhist tradition in Japan relied greatly on replicating images.Of particular importance was iconographic correctness.”
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Abstract
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The result is a change in the nature of the relationship between artist and image.These sculptors clearly wanted to assert authorship in a new way, and to link artistic accomplishment to an individual hand.”
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Rock-Crystal Eyes and the Rise of the Kei School
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“during that century it burned and was replaced”
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Abstract
plain- Asserted: fails — The authors may not put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. The quote only partly states this claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Not only was it copied and the resulting images installed in new locations as a means of extending its miraculous powers, but the original was replicated on multiple occasions as well”
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Abstract
plaindirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“neither the use of rock crystal for the eyes of images nor an emphasis on naturalism would have been adopted unless there were a religious context for the innovations.4”
- Also stated in: § Rock-Crystal Eyes and the Rise of the Kei School · plain
“reflected the widespread acceptance of the principle of original enlightenment (hongaku)-that enlightenment is already present and only needs to be realized-as well as the belief that salvation was accessible in this world”
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Rock-Crystal Eyes and the Rise of the Kei School
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [4]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [5]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Also stated in: § Rock-Crystal Eyes and the Rise of the Kei School · plain
In the paper
“a particular mode of representation could gain authority because of the status of its patron, and thus its replications represented social as well as religious ideals. 2”
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [2]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Not matched
In the paper
“It was commissioned in China by Chōnen (938-1016) in 985 and brought back with him to Japan.”
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Kaikei and the Seiryōji Shaka of 1192
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [8]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“the popular, devotional Buddhism of the Kamakura period manifested itself in three new sociological types: cults, orders, and sects.”
- Also stated in: § Rock-Crystal Eyes and the Rise of the Kei School · plain
“Among Foard's”
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Rock-Crystal Eyes and the Rise of the Kei School
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [6]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [7]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Rock-Crystal Eyes and the Rise of the Kei School · plain
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“he was one of the artists of the early Kamakura period who actively identified works by his own hand, and he took full advantage of the formal innovations initiated by the anonymous artist of the Amida triad at Chōgakuji”
- Also stated in: § Kaikei and the Seiryōji Shaka of 1192 · hedged
“it is possible to consider him more conservative than his fellow artist, Unkei.”
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Kaikei and the Seiryōji Shaka of 1192
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Kaikei and the Seiryōji Shaka of 1192 · hedged
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“While no record of the monk's staff appears in either document, based on the date of the Besson zakki, it is probable that the statue of 1131 was equipped with one, and it is certain that Kaikei equipped his image with a monk's staff, for it was one of the few items that survived the subsequent fire of 1280.”
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Kaikei and the Hasedera Eleven-Headed Kannon of 1219
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The earliest copy of the image is believed to have been installed at Kinchōkokuji, located in Taki-chō, Mie Prefecture, in 885, although the present image most likely dates to the early eleventh century.26”
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Kaikei and the Hasedera Eleven-Headed Kannon of 1219
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [26]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“the tree had been miraculously felled with a broad ax and had fallen on Hidemoto's house and killed him.”
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Kaikei and the Hasedera Eleven-Headed Kannon of 1219
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [34]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Drawn in particular from Kaikei's distinctive style are the robes carved with complex overlapping folds and scarves that wrap around the body and activate the surrounding space, present on Kaikei's early works, such as the standing Miroku in Boston, dated 1189, as well as the attendants of the Amida Triad at the Kōdai-in on Mount Kōya, dated 1221.49”
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Chōkai and the Eleven-Headed Kannon in the Paramita Museum
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [49]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“The original image, completed in 727, was fashioned out of a monumental log that was found floating in Lake Biwa, the great lake to the east of the city of Kyoto, and was more than thirty feet in length.12”
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Kaikei and the Hasedera Eleven-Headed Kannon of 1219
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [12]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus, like many other commissions in the Kamakura period, the days allotted to a project had particular significance, in this case corresponding to the number of manifestations of the Bodhisattva of Compassion.”
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Kaikei and the Hasedera Eleven-Headed Kannon of 1219
plaincorrelationalSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It is likely that it had inlaid rock-crystal eyes, which Kaikei favored for the majority of his images.”
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Kaikei and the Hasedera Eleven-Headed Kannon of 1219
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“however, the hand, with its sharply bent thumb, was clearly meant to hold a staff, confirming that the image was intended to be a replication in the lineage of the original.”
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Chōkai and the Eleven-Headed Kannon in the Paramita Museum
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Kaikei was thus not constrained by replicating a highly revered original, nor did he have an extant image on which to base his copy (although it is likely that he saw the twelfth-century version)”
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Kaikei and the Hasedera Eleven-Headed Kannon of 1219
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Considering Chōkai's signature on the outside of the socle of the right foot, Itō is confident that the Eleven-Headed Kannon at the Paramita Museum is the very work that once was the main image of the Kannon-dō of the Zenjō-in.48”
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Chōkai and the Eleven-Headed Kannon in the Paramita Museum
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [48]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In seeking out timbers for his statue from trees transformed after having been struck by lightning, Kaikei was responding to the revised origin story as described in the Fusō ryakki and Kojidan, and thereby confirming their accounts of the source of the miraculous qualities of the material from which his image was carved.”
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Kaikei and the Hasedera Eleven-Headed Kannon of 1219
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Kyōkai (act.780-820), in the Nihon ryōiki, a collection of miraculous Buddhist tales complied around the year 800, changes the date of the event to the reign of Emperor Bitatsu (r.572-585), some of the details of the discovery, and the number of statues to three.16”
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Kaikei and the Hasedera Eleven-Headed Kannon of 1219
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [16]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“The miraculous Buddha was turned to ash.The Buddha from the top of the image was undamaged in the ashes.”
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Kaikei and the Hasedera Eleven-Headed Kannon of 1219
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [11]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“copies were enshrined in other temples, many sharing the same name, during the Heian and Kamakura periods.”
- Also stated in: § Kaikei and the Hasedera Eleven-Headed Kannon of 1219 · plain
“today there are over two hundred and fifty temples that house copies of the Hasedera Kannon.27”
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Kaikei and the Hasedera Eleven-Headed Kannon of 1219
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [27]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Kaikei and the Hasedera Eleven-Headed Kannon of 1219 · plain
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The story affirms not only that (in this case) a camphorwood tree, like the original log, possessed the ability to cause disasters but also that these powers were the result of lightning strikes.”
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Kaikei and the Hasedera Eleven-Headed Kannon of 1219
plaindirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“It”
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [28]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“If the legendary history of the Hase statue can be believed, then the image is one of the first images of Eleven-Headed Kannon to have been sculpted in Japan.”
- Also stated in: § Kaikei and the Hasedera Eleven-Headed Kannon of 1219 · hedged
“If the image was carved in 727, then it predates the first recorded transcription of the Eleven-Headed Kannon Sutra in 733.18”
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Kaikei and the Hasedera Eleven-Headed Kannon of 1219
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [18]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
- Also stated in: § Kaikei and the Hasedera Eleven-Headed Kannon of 1219 · hedged
In the paper
“the tradition of logs with miraculous powers floating to shore and eventually being carved into Buddhist images is an old one.”
- Also stated in: § Kaikei and the Hasedera Eleven-Headed Kannon of 1219 · plain
“The Shoku nihongi, the first of the six national histories of Japan, records that on the first day of the fifth month of 552”
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Kaikei and the Hasedera Eleven-Headed Kannon of 1219
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [15]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Kaikei and the Hasedera Eleven-Headed Kannon of 1219 · plain
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Lightning strikes are not recorded with great frequency in early texts, but when they are, they are viewed with apprehension.”
- Also stated in: § Kaikei and the Hasedera Eleven-Headed Kannon of 1219 · plain
“In an entry for 730 in the Shoku nhongi, the second of the Six National Histories of Japan, offerings are made to shrines throughout the country to mitigate the effects of a lightning strike.35”
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Kaikei and the Hasedera Eleven-Headed Kannon of 1219
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [35]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [36]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Kaikei and the Hasedera Eleven-Headed Kannon of 1219 · plain
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In short, Kaikei's replication had acquired more”
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Kaikei and the Hasedera Eleven-Headed Kannon of 1219
plaindirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“the Hasedera engi bun, a history of the origins of the temple, attributed to the ninthcentury scholar Sugawara no Michizane (845-903) but actually written after the first quarter of the thirteenth century, states that it was the Eight Naga Kings and the Eight Great Dōji who, after a violent storm, dug up the stone on which the image rests and brought it to the site of the temple.”
- Also stated in: § Kaikei and the Hasedera Eleven-Headed Kannon of 1219 · plain
“The Hase image is thereby linked to the origins of the Buddhist faith and the mythical home of the Bodhisattva of Compassion.32”
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Kaikei and the Hasedera Eleven-Headed Kannon of 1219
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [32]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Kaikei and the Hasedera Eleven-Headed Kannon of 1219 · plain
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Without a model, I believe that Kaikei must have carved an image that reflected his own particular artistic concerns, an image that balanced naturalism and abstraction in the manner of the Miroku at the Museum of Fine Arts.”
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Kaikei and the Hasedera Eleven-Headed Kannon of 1219
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“the image was clearly in existence by the second half of the eighth century, as Empress Shōtoku (718-770; r. 749-758, 764-770) is recorded as having traveled to worship in front of it in 768.20 By that time the image had already become known for working miracles.”
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Kaikei and the Hasedera Eleven-Headed Kannon of 1219
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [20]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
boostedSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Empress Genmei (661-721; r. 707-715) learned of the project and provided financial support for the log to be transformed by sculptors into an image of Eleven-Headed Kannon”
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Kaikei and the Hasedera Eleven-Headed Kannon of 1219
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [13]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [14]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“That statue was replaced in 1131, only to be destroyed in the second month of 1219”
- Also stated in: § Kaikei and the Hasedera Eleven-Headed Kannon of 1219 · hedged
“Kaikei's image was thus the fifth Hasedera Kannon carved, almost five hundred years after Tokudō's original.25”
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Kaikei and the Hasedera Eleven-Headed Kannon of 1219
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [25]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Kaikei and the Hasedera Eleven-Headed Kannon of 1219 · hedged
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus, while neither statue is dated, Chōkai's use of his religious name, Jō'Amidabutsu-which, according to the Zoku Tōdaiji yōroku, he received after sculpting the statue of Miroku at the Lecture Hall at Tōdaiji-would date both works to after 1256.”
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Chōkai and the Eleven-Headed Kannon in the Paramita Museum
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“the Takemukigaki, the diary of the court lady Hino Meishi (d.1358), further elaborates on this tradition, noting that if one steps on the sacred ground of Hase, one will not descend into the Three Realms (animals, hungry ghosts, and hell).”
- Also stated in: § Kaikei and the Hasedera Eleven-Headed Kannon of 1219 · plain
“the stone pedestal is made of a type of agate that appears only at Hase, in India, and on Mount Potalaka.33”
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Kaikei and the Hasedera Eleven-Headed Kannon of 1219
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [33]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Kaikei and the Hasedera Eleven-Headed Kannon of 1219 · plain
In the paper
“Later histories of the temple, however, elaborated on the initial accounts.They include specific descriptions of the image's materiality, iconography, and miraculous powers.”
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Kaikei and the Hasedera Eleven-Headed Kannon of 1219
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [29]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“it seems likely that equipping the Hase Kannon with a monk's staff was an attempt to associate the image with the religious concerns of the time.31 At a minimum, it distinguished the image from others of the type.”
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Kaikei and the Hasedera Eleven-Headed Kannon of 1219
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [31]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Disaster struck again in 1052, when the temple complex and its main image were reduced to ashes.This event was considered by the residents of the capital as confirmation that the Period of the End of the Buddhist Law (mappō)-a time when the teachings of the Buddha were no longer accessible and salvation was only possible through the direct intercession of certain deities, especially Amida-had beg”
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Kaikei and the Hasedera Eleven-Headed Kannon of 1219
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [24]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“an eight-shaku-long piece of sandalwood (danboku) floated ashore on Awaji Island.17”
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Kaikei and the Hasedera Eleven-Headed Kannon of 1219
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [17]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Until 990 Hasedera was under the jurisdiction of Tōdaiji, but in that year it became affiliated with Kōfukuji, the tutelary temple of the aristocratic Fujiwara clan.As a result, the fame of the powers of the image grew rapidly at the Heian court”
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Kaikei and the Hasedera Eleven-Headed Kannon of 1219
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The presence of the monk's staff provides additional confirmation that Kaikei's image featured one as well, and confirms that this iconographic trait most likely had been adopted for the 1131 image.”
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Chōkai and the Eleven-Headed Kannon in the Paramita Museum
hedgeddirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The image was considered”
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Kaikei and the Hasedera Eleven-Headed Kannon of 1219
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [23]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The original image and its hall were struck by lightning in 944 and completely destroyed.They were rebuilt two years later.”
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Kaikei and the Hasedera Eleven-Headed Kannon of 1219
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the work Kaikei was replacing was not the original but the fourth iteration of the image, carved in 1131 after the third version had been destroyed by fire in 1094.Visual connections with the previous images had essentially perished in the fires.”
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Kaikei and the Hasedera Eleven-Headed Kannon of 1219
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Certainly the present image of 1538, with its relatively flat, u-shaped face, static body, and oversized hands, is substantially different from Chōkai's statue of the late 1250s.Instead, it is in keeping with the forms preferred by artists of the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries.”
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Conclusion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Furthermore, while Chōkai's image is not totally divorced from the manner of his master, as noted above, his work departs from Kaikei's style as well.”
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Conclusion
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The statue has inlaid rock-crystal eyes, lending credence to the hypothesis that beginning with Kaikei's image of 1219, rock-crystal eyes became a standard feature of the statue.”
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Conclusion
hedgedcorrelationalSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, Unkei's disciples tended to perpetuate their master's naturalistic style; thus, it is fair to say that while the statue of 1280 might have made some reference to Kaikei's work, it would have been different from the work of 1219.”
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Conclusion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Despite repeated cataclysmic events that destroyed image after image, the sacred status and miraculous powers of the Eleven-Headed Kannon at Hasedera never diminished.”
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Conclusion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The later images of Eleven-Headed Kannon at Hasedera were thus totally different kinds of copies.They were images that in their basic formal properties reflected prevailing period styles, providing space for the creative abilities of their sculptors.”
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Conclusion
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
The Hasedera Eleven-Headed Kannon was the first monumental Buddhist image made of wood.
“It is also the first monumental image to have been fashioned in wood.”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Kaikei and the Seiryōji Shaka of 1192
“in 1218, he was called upon to repair the image.Oku Takeo surmises that Kaikei's adoption of the title of "skillful artisan" can be associated with this occasion.”
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Kaikei and the Seiryōji Shaka of 1192
“it appears in the inscription of the seated Miroku commissioned for the posthumous benefit of Go-Shirakawa later in 1192”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Abstract
“the statue perished in fires on eight occasions.”
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Conclusion
“The seventh image was completed in 1496 by the sculptor Shunkei and burned in 1536.The eighth image, the main image of Hasedera today, was completed by the sculptor Unsō in 1538.”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Abstract
“This paper focuses on the 1219 replacement by Kaikei (which burned in 1283)”
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Kaikei and the Hasedera Eleven-Headed Kannon of 1219
“It perished in a fire in 1280.”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Additional information
“Jinson's gift of wood took place in the fourth month of 1497.”
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Additional information
“Jinson daisōjōki, entry for 1495 (Myōō 6) 6.23”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Kaikei and the Hasedera Eleven-Headed Kannon of 1219
“The Shoku nihongi, the first of the six national histories of Japan”
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Kaikei and the Hasedera Eleven-Headed Kannon of 1219
“the Shoku nhongi, the second of the Six National Histories of Japan”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Kaikei and the Hasedera Eleven-Headed Kannon of 1219
“Kaikei and fifteen assistants sculpted the image”
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Additional information
“The assistants included Gyōkai, Eijō, Keikan, Shinkei, Ken'yu, Yūen, Ryōkei, Kōken, Eichi, Kakuken, Yūkai, Kaijitsu, Kaijō, Kenkai, Gonkai, Jōen, Enkei, and Kairoku.”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Chōkai and the Eleven-Headed Kannon in the Paramita Museum
“one from the thirteenth day of the ninth month of 1483 that describes the Zenjō-in”
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Additional information
“Jinson daisōjō ki, entry for 1482 (Bunmei 14) 9.13”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Abstract
“igure 1. Unsō, Eleven-Headed Kannon, Japan, Muromachi period, dated 1538.Wood with lacquer, polychromy, gold leaf, and inlaid rock-crystal eyes, h.1048.5 cm.”
§ AND THE SACRED IMAGE OF ELEVEN HEADED KANNON AT HASEDERA > Conclusion
“The present statue measures 1018.0 cm in height”
Citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Fowler, S., & Suzuki, Y. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/obo/9780199920105-0170
Metadata
- Authors
- Morse, S. C.
- Corresponding author
- Morse, Samuel C.
- ORCID
- Morse, Samuel C.
- Venue
- Ars Orientalis
- Publisher
- University of Michigan Library
- Published
- 2020-10-22
- Volume
- 50
- Issue
- 20220203
- ISSN
- 0571-1371 (ISSN-L)
- 2328-1286
- OpenAlex
- W3125213424
- Cited by
- 1
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2022: 1
- FWCI
- 1.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Ars Orientalis (publishedVersion)
- University of Michigan Library Repository (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Religious studies › Indian and Buddhist Studies
- Social Sciences › Cultural Studies › Japanese History and Culture
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Visual Arts and Performing Arts › Historical Art and Architecture Studies
- Keywords
- Buddhist sculpture, artist agency, Buddhist cults, Nara period
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-04, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
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Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Kaikei, Chōkai, and the Sacred Image of Eleven-Headed Kannon at Hasedera. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.3998/ars.13441566.0050.014
- The paper
- Morse, S. C. (2020). Kaikei, Chōkai, and the Sacred Image of Eleven-Headed Kannon at Hasedera. Ars Orientalis. https://doi.org/10.3998/ars.13441566.0050.014
