The DOI matches its Crossref record; 6 of the 7 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
China’s Revolutions and Intergenerational Relations
Open accessAbstract
China's Revolutions and Intergenerational Relations counters the widely accepted notion that traditional family patterns are weakened by forces such as economic development and social revolutions. China has experienced wrenching changes on both the economic and the political fronts, yet from the evidence presented here the tradition of filial respect and support for aging parents remains alive and well. Using collaborative surveys carried out in 1994 in the middle-sized industrial city of Baoding and comparative data from urban Taiwan, the authors examine issues shaping the relationships between adult Chinese children and their elderly parents. The continued vitality of intergenerational support and filial obligations in these samples is not simply an instance of strong Confucian tradition trumping powerful forces of change. Instead, and somewhat paradoxically, the continued strength of filial obligations can be attributed largely to the institutions of Chinese socialism forged in the era of Mao Zedong. With socialist institutions now under assault in the People's Republic of China, the future of intergenerational relations in the twenty-first century is once again uncertain.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Two Kinds of Preindustrial Household Formation System
Hajnal, J. (1982) · Population and Development Review · doi:10.2307/1972376 · Cited by 721
World Revolution and Family Patterns
Michel, A., & Goode, W. J. (1964) · Revue Française de Sociologie · doi:10.2307/3319615 · Cited by 649
Coresidence and Leaving Home: Young Adults and Their Parents
White, L. K. (1994) · Annual Review of Sociology · doi:10.1146/annurev.so.20.080194.000501 · Cited by 230
Patrilocality and Early Marital Co-residence in Rural China, 1955–85
Lavely, W., & Ren, X. S. (1992) · The China Quarterly · doi:10.1017/s0305741000040789 · Cited by 57
Household and Family in Past Time.
Hareven, T. Κ., Laslett, P., & Wall, R. L. (1975) · History and Theory · doi:10.2307/2504617 · Cited by 49
Chinese Communist Society: Family and Village
Ch'ing, H. (1968) · Chinese Sociology & Anthropology · doi:10.2753/csa0009-4625010262 · Cited by 32
Research works printed but not linked: 7
- Ansley Coale et al. (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1965), 41-60;
- Alan MacFarlane, Marriage and Love in England 1300-1840 (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, Inc., 1986);
- Levy, "The Limits of Variation." See Deborah Davis-Friedmann, Long Lives (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1991);
- Davis-Friedmann, Long Lives. 1 Chunyuan Shang, "Zhongguo Jiating de Guimo, Jiegou Jiqi Fazhan Qushi" (The Size, Structure and Trends of Chinese Family), Renkou Xinxi (Population News) no. 1 (1987). ZGRKNJ [Zhongguo Renkou Nianjian] (China Population Yearbook) (Beijing: China Statistics Press, 1985); ZGRKNJ (1994).
- Jihui Yuan and Z. R. Zhang, eds., Laonianhua Dui Zhongguo De Tiaozhan (The Challenge of Aging Facing China) (Shanghai: Fudan University Press, 1991). CNCOA [China National Committee on Aging], eds., Zhongguo Laonian Wcnti Duke Yantaohui Lunwenji (Proceedings of National Symposium on the Policy of Aging in China) (Beijing: China National Commission on Aging, 1994).
- Lunchun Zou et al., eds., Beijing de Laonianrcn (The Elderly in Beijing Municipality) (Beijing: Beijing Statistical Bureau, 1994). See IPSCASS [Institute of Population Studies, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences], eds., Zhongguo Laonian Renkou Wenxuan (Selected Papers on the Old Population in China) (Beijing: Press of Economic Development, 1990);
- Yuan and Zhang, Laonianhua; Chunyuan Zhang, ed., Zhongguo Laonian Renkou Yanjiu (The Study of the Old Population in China) (Beijing: Peking University Press, 1991). However, see the contrary evidence on continuing youth support for filial obligations and coresidence in chapter 4. One scholar has also argued against the notion that declining fertility will promote more nuclear family units. Zeng Yi contends that there will actually be a rise in the proportion of stem families, with parents living with one grown child. Zeng Yi, Family Dynamics in China: A Life Table Analysis (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1991). Original Categories
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–193 of 193
Chou, R. J.-A. (2010) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/gnq062 · Cited by 20
Zhu, H., & Xie, Y. (2017) · Chinese Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1177/2057150x16685499 · Cited by 18
Zheng, J. (2020) · Chinese Sociological Review · doi:10.1080/21620555.2019.1680279 · Cited by 17
Yong-jie, W., Wan, G., & Gu, Y. (2021) · Journal of Family Issues · doi:10.1177/0192513x211048475 · Cited by 22
Marital Construction of Family Power Among Male-Out-Migrant Couples in a Chinese Village
Zuo, J. (2007) · Journal of Family Issues · doi:10.1177/0192513x07308417 · Cited by 16
Pettier, J. (2016) · Anthropology of Consciousness · doi:10.1111/anoc.12054 · Cited by 17
End-of-Life Co-residence of Older Parents and Their Sons in Rural China
Cong, Z., & Silverstein, M. D. (2015) · Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement · doi:10.1017/s0714980815000227 · Cited by 15
Patterns of Grandparents Caring for Grandchildren in China
Chen, F. (2013) · The Springer series on demographic methods and population analysis · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-7445-2_10 · Cited by 17
Towards Ethically and Medically Sustainable Care for the Elderly: The Case of China
Xie, W., & Fan, R. (2019) · HEC Forum · doi:10.1007/s10730-019-09391-7 · Cited by 15
Family Care or Residential Care? The Moral and Practical Dilemmas Facing the Elderly in Urban China
ZHANG, H. (2006) · Asian Anthropology · doi:10.1080/1683478x.2006.10552560 · Cited by 15
Huang, Y. (2017) · Asian Population Studies · doi:10.1080/17441730.2017.1341090 · Cited by 15
Families in transition: Living arrangements and intergenerational support in 21st century China
Huang, Y., Li, Y., & Clark, W. A. V. (2022) · Transactions in Planning and Urban Research · doi:10.1177/27541223221096767 · Cited by 14
Cong, Z., & Silverstein, M. D. (2010) · Family Science · doi:10.1080/19424620903452897 · Cited by 13
Bó, B. B., Zimmer, Z., & Rada, C. (2020) · Research on Aging · doi:10.1177/0164027520920026 · Cited by 13
Family Ties, Living Arrangement, and Marital Satisfaction
Chang, W. (2012) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-012-9325-7 · Cited by 13
Understanding Hypergamous Marriages of Chinese Rural Women
Wei, Y., & Zhang, L. (2016) · Population Research and Policy Review · doi:10.1007/s11113-016-9407-z · Cited by 13
Intergenerational co-residence during later life in Europe and China
Emery, T., Dykstra, P. A., & Djundeva, M. (2019) · Chinese Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1177/2057150x19838031 · Cited by 12
Sun, R., & Zimmer, Z. (2022) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/gbac099 · Cited by 12
Song, Q., & Chen, F. (2018) · Journal of Aging and Health · doi:10.1177/0898264318804112 · Cited by 12
Stroke and active life expectancy among older adults in Beijing, China
Fang, X.-H., Zimmer, Z., Kaneda, T., Tang, Z., & Xiang, M.-J. (2008) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638280802305945 · Cited by 12
The changing relationship of women with their natal families
Wong, O. M. H. (2016) · Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1177/1440783315587797 · Cited by 11
Wiseman, A. W., & Zhao, X. (2020) · Prospects · doi:10.1007/s11125-020-09460-7 · Cited by 11
Hu, A., & Dongyu, L. (2020) · Population Research and Policy Review · doi:10.1007/s11113-020-09576-w · Cited by 10
Zimmer, Z., & Chiu, C. (2021) · Demography · doi:10.1215/00703370-8996307 · Cited by 10
A Study of the Factors Influencing the Residential Preferences of the Elderly in China
Li, H., Duan, C., & Chunyu, M. D. (2021) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su13105488 · Cited by 10
Family and social aspects associated with depression among older persons in a C hinese context
Zeng, W., North, N., & Kent, B. (2012) · International Journal of Older People Nursing · doi:10.1111/opn.12006 · Cited by 10
Shared Motherhood or Free Surrogacy?: Risks and Vulnerabilities in a Chinese Lesbian’s Family-Making
Hao, Z. (2021) · Journal of Homosexuality · doi:10.1080/00918369.2021.1923281 · Cited by 13
Intergenerational Coresidence and Depressive Symptoms of Rural and Urban Older Adults in China
Liu, J., Li, L., Zhang, Z., & Xu, H. (2019) · Journal of Family Issues · doi:10.1177/0192513x19888256 · Cited by 11
Scale development: Chinese Irrational Beliefs and Rational Attitude Scale
Chan, H. W. Q., & Sun, C. F. R. (2018) · PsyCh Journal · doi:10.1002/pchj.249 · Cited by 9
Kumar, S., & Williams, L. (2020) · Ageing and Society · doi:10.1017/s0144686x20000355 · Cited by 9
Stahl, G., & Zhao, Y. (2022) · NORMA · doi:10.1080/18902138.2022.2040287 · Cited by 10
Does Having More Children Affect Women’s Informal Employment Choices? Evidence from China
Yan-hua, W., Tong, L., & Yi, Y. (2023) · Journal of Family and Economic Issues · doi:10.1007/s10834-023-09915-x · Cited by 9
The Utility of Enhancing Filial Piety for Elder Care in China
Cheung, J. C.-K., & Kwan, A. Y. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-8351-0_8 · Cited by 9
Home Care for Elders in China’s Rural-Urban Dualism: Care Workers’ Fractured Experiences
Liu, H. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-55086-2_4 · Cited by 9
Guest editorial: Intergenerational family support for Chinese older adults
Chi, I., & Silverstein, M. D. (2011) · International Journal of Social Welfare · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2397.2011.00831.x · Cited by 9
Older parents enjoy better filial piety and care from daughters than sons in China
Zeng, Y., George, L. K., Brasher, M. S., Gu, D., & Vaupel, J. W. (2015) · doi:10.4054/mpidr-wp-2015-012 · Cited by 8
Kumar, S. (2023) · International Migration Review · doi:10.1177/01979183231187624 · Cited by 7
Ho, E. L., & Chiu, T. Y. (2025) · Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies · doi:10.1080/1369183x.2025.2594853 · Cited by 7
Methodological Challenges to Research Among Chinese
Zeng, W., North, N., & Kent, B. (2011) · Journal of Mixed Methods Research · doi:10.1177/1558689811419513 · Cited by 7
Get Yourself an Insurance! Negotiating Family and Intergenerational Care in Post-Mao Urban China
Zavoretti, R. (2017) · Ethics and Social Welfare · doi:10.1080/17496535.2017.1300306 · Cited by 7
Xu, X., Song, L., Yang, Y., Xiong, J., & Li, Y. (2025) · Journal of Marriage and the Family · doi:10.1111/jomf.70021 · Cited by 5
Ugargol, A. P., Bailey, A., Hutter, I., & James, K. S. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-16-1914-4_93-1 · Cited by 5
Chinese meals: diversity and change
Klein, J. A. (2009) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1533/9781845695712.6.452 · Cited by 5
Intergenerational support among widowed older adults in China
Zhang, Z., & Lin, I. (2016) · International Journal of Population Studies · doi:10.18063/ijps.2017.01.003 · Cited by 5
Patrilocal, Matrilocal or Neolocal? Intergenerational Proximity of Married Couples in ChinaPreprint
Gruijters, R. J., & Ermisch, J. (2018) · doi:10.31235/osf.io/xzqbe · Cited by 5
Imran, I., Alam, I., Khattak, M. K., Jawad, M., & Khan, M. A. (2020) · Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews · doi:10.18510/hssr.2020.869 · Cited by 4
Wei, Q., & Zhang, J. (2023) · Chinese Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1177/2057150x231169450 · Cited by 4
Jiang, J., & Zhang, C. (2025) · Journal of Family Studies · doi:10.1080/13229400.2025.2471837 · Cited by 4
Yao, Y., Zhang, S., & Li, A. (2022) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.774364 · Cited by 5
Journey of the phoenix : Overseas study and women's changing position in China
Kajanus, A. (2014) · Työväentutkimus Vuosikirja · Cited by 4
Nagargoje, V. P., Dilip, T. R., Prasad, J., & James, K. S. (2024) · Global Social Welfare · doi:10.1007/s40609-024-00344-8 · Cited by 3
From Physics to Russian Studies and on into China Research: My Meandering Journey Toward Sociology
Whyte, M. K. (2021) · Annual Review of Sociology · doi:10.1146/annurev-soc-081320-112539 · Cited by 3
Self-citationLi, T., & Jin, Y. (2021) · Family Relations · doi:10.1111/fare.12592 · Cited by 3
Sun, Y., & Song, J. H. (2024) · Transactions in Planning and Urban Research · doi:10.1177/27541223241258350 · Cited by 3
Determinants of Regional Disparities in Older Adult – Child Coresidence in China
Dai, S., Esteve, A., & Román, J. G. (2025) · Population Space and Place · doi:10.1002/psp.70081 · Cited by 3
Ma, L., & Xu, J. (2025) · Frontiers in Sociology · doi:10.3389/fsoc.2025.1516890 · Cited by 2
Upward transfer in Southeast China and Taiwan: Longitudinal trends of a family ritual
Tsai, M., & Chan, C. (2025) · Journal of Marriage and the Family · doi:10.1111/jomf.13078 · Cited by 2
Huang, W., Chen, X., & Qu, J. (2025) · Asian Journal of Criminology · doi:10.1007/s11417-025-09460-6 · Cited by 2
Intergenerational relationship quality and activity profiles among older adults in China
Fu, Y., & Chen, M. (2021) · Health & Social Care in the Community · doi:10.1111/hsc.13619 · Cited by 2
City-level Influences on Chinese Filial Piety practice
Cheung, C., & Kwan, A. Y. (2009) · The Journal of Comparative Asian Development · doi:10.1080/15339114.2009.9678475 · Cited by 2
Mapping the Chinese Contexts: Cultural Influences and Social Changes
Xu, Q. (2016) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1057/978-1-137-46178-0_1 · Cited by 2
The Relevance of Gender in the Care of Elders: Assumptions and Realities
Li, S. (2020) · Indian Journal of Gender Studies · doi:10.1177/0971521520938980 · Cited by 2
Why Women Own Less Housing Assets in China? The Role of Intergenerational Transfers
Deng, W. (2018) · Architecture and the Built Environment · doi:10.59490/abe.2018.22.3518 · Cited by 2
Intergenerational Solidarity and Its Effects on Life Satisfaction Among Chinese Elders
Wang, Q. (2022) · Digital Archive @ GSU · doi:10.57709/2099943 · Cited by 2
Sibling structure and gender inequality
Wang, Y. (2013) · doi:10.17077/etd.1jexpzcv · Cited by 2
Wang, Z. (2025) · Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies · doi:10.1080/1369183x.2025.2582659 · Cited by 1
Ji, Y., & Ji, Y. (2026) · Chinese Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1177/2057150x261454099 · Cited by 1
An Autoethnography on Intergenerational Relationships and Transnational Care for Older Parents
Zhang, W. (2024) · Genealogy · doi:10.3390/genealogy8020056 · Cited by 2
A coherent self: Narrating multiple identities in Han-Hui-Muslim intermarriage
Zhao, L. (2025) · Journal of Women & Aging · doi:10.1080/08952841.2025.2575497 · Cited by 1
Satisfaction of Division of Household Labour in China
Fang, F. (2021) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/s1530-353520210000016005 · Cited by 1
Ju, X., Wengel, Y., Schänzel, H. A., & Liu, C. Y. (2024) · Frontiers in Sustainable Tourism · doi:10.3389/frsut.2023.1294644 · Cited by 1
Study on the Life Satisfaction of the Chinese Elderly
Xiong, W. (2023) · Frontiers in Business Economics and Management · doi:10.54097/fbem.v7i3.5265 · Cited by 1
Young People's Housing Opportunity in Post-reform China
Deng, W. (2018) · Architecture and the Built Environment · doi:10.59490/abe.2018.22.2529 · Cited by 1
Speaking Bitter-Sweetness: China's Urban Elderly in the Reform Period
Fleischer, F. (2006) · Asian Anthropology · doi:10.1080/1683478x.2006.10552559 · Cited by 1
Older parents benefit more in health outcome from daughters’ than sons’ care in China
Zeng, Y., Brasher, M. S., Gu, D., & Vaupel, J. W. (2015) · doi:10.4054/mpidr-wp-2015-004 · Cited by 1
Three Papers on Marriage and Family in China.
Mu, Z. (2013) · Deep Blue (University of Michigan)
Three essays on health, aging and the family in contemporary China
Zhu, H. (2008) · Deep Blue (University of Michigan)
The Development of Maritime Legislation in China Under the Impact of MLC 2006
Zhang, P. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-43620-3_2
Silver-Haired Working Women: Intergenerational Contract, Elderly Care and Gender in Lianhe
Huang, Y. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-15-6438-3_8
Zwiers, M. (2018) · Architecture and the Built Environment · doi:10.59490/abe.2018.21.3524
Ni, S. (2023) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1057/978-1-349-96093-4_2 · Cited by 1
Parental Homes as Feathered Nets: Home-Leaving Trajectories of Young People in China
Jiang, J., & Zhang, C. (2025) · Socius Sociological Research for a Dynamic World · doi:10.1177/23780231251395464
A Son’s Dowry: Child Gender and Self-employment in ChinaPreprint
Cai, Q., Huang, L., & Li, D. (2026) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.6137392
Culturally Responsive Art Therapy for Domestic Violence Among Han Chinese in Taiwan
Huang, K.-Y. (2026) · Art Therapy · doi:10.1080/07421656.2026.2658869
刘慧慧, & Adira, A. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1739790
Ni, S. (2026) · Sociological Spectrum · doi:10.1080/02732173.2026.2702891
Li, Q., Ma, S., Chen, Z., & Fang, X. (2026) · Family Relations · doi:10.1111/fare.70295
Han, C., Downer, B. G., & Wong, R. (2026) · Research on Aging · doi:10.1177/01640275261477763
Hu, Y., & Li, Z. (2026) · The China Quarterly · doi:10.1017/s0305741026102744
Capistrano, R. C. G., & Youn, H. (2026) · Journal of Travel Research · doi:10.1177/00472875261491183
Sun, R., & Zimmer, Z. (2026) · Journal of Aging and Health · doi:10.1177/08982643261502730
Metadata
- Authors
- Whyte, M. K.
- Corresponding author
- Martin King Whyte
- ORCID
- Martin King Whyte
- Publisher
- U OF M CENTER FOR CHINESE STUDIES
- Published
- 2003
- OpenAlex
- W1490806083
- Cited by
- 193
- References
- 7
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 5.43
- Type
- book
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- OAPEN (The OAPEN Foundation) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- BiblioBoard Library Catalog (Open Research Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Directory of Open access Books (OAPEN Foundation) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Intergenerational Family Dynamics and Caregiving
- Social Sciences › Demography › Family Dynamics and Relationships
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › China's Socioeconomic Reforms and Governance
- Keywords
- intergenerational relations, filial duty, elderly parents, socialism with Chinese characteristics, Mao Zedong era, Confucian culture, social revolution, Baoding
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review