Characterization of Polycaprolactone/Eucomis autumnalis Cellulose Composite: Structural, Thermal, and Mechanical Analysis

Abstract

This study presents a comprehensive investigation into the preparation and characterization of PCL/EA cellulose composites. The Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy results confirm the successful composite fabrication, indicating the absence of chemical reactions during melt-compounding. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed distinct morphologies, with PCL forming a continuous phase and EA cellulose exhibiting a fibrous network. Despite successful embedding of EA cellulose fibers in the composite, fractured surfaces indicated poor interfacial interaction, potentially leading to fiber pull out. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed enhanced thermal stability in the composites, while differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) indicated minimal impact on PCL melting behavior. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) further demonstrated enhanced crystallinity in the composites, highlighting increased order in PCL crystals. Mechanical testing revealed a modest increase in stiffness attributed to the rigid cellulose fibers. However, a decrease in yield strength, tensile strength, and elongation at break suggested reduced ductility and inferior mechanical properties, consistent with poor interfacial adhesion observed in SEM. Overall, this study contributes valuable insights into the structural, thermal, and mechanical characteristics of PCL/EA cellulose composites, offering a foundation for potential applications in various fields.