The DOI matches its Crossref record; 40 of the 41 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Influenza Infection Leads to Increased Susceptibility to Subsequent Bacterial Superinfection by Impairing NK Cell Responses in the Lung
Open accessAbstract
Influenza viral infection is well-known to predispose to subsequent bacterial superinfection in the lung but the mechanisms have remained poorly defined. We have established a murine model of heterologous infections by an H1N1 influenza virus and Staphylococcus aureus. We found that indeed prior influenza infection markedly increased the susceptibility of mice to secondary S. aureus superinfection. Severe sickness and heightened bacterial infection in flu and S. aureus dual-infected animals were associated with severe immunopathology in the lung. We further found that flu-experienced lungs had an impaired NK cell response in the airway to subsequent S. aureus bacterial infection. Thus, adoptive transfer of naive NK cells to the airway of prior flu-infected mice restored flu-impaired antibacterial host defense. We identified that TNF-alpha production of NK cells played an important role in NK cell-mediated antibacterial host defense as NK cells in flu-experienced lungs had reduced TNF-alpha expression and adoptive transfer of TNF-alpha-deficient NK cells to the airway of flu-infected mice failed to restore flu-impaired antibacterial host defense. Defected NK cell function was found to be an upstream mechanism of depressed antibacterial activities by alveolar macrophages as contrast to naive wild-type NK cells, the NK cells from flu-infected or TNF-alpha-deficient mice failed to enhance S. aureus phagocytosis by alveolar macrophages. Together, our study identifies the weakened NK cell response in the lung to be a novel critical mechanism for flu-mediated susceptibility to bacterial superinfection.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“may occur shortly after influenza virus has been largely cleared from the lungs, when the host appears to be more susceptible to bacterial infection”
From Bacterial and viral infections associated with influenza (2013) · cites this paper as [1]
In the citing paper
“Bacterial infection may be concurrent with influenza viral infection, and the resulting co‐infection can lead to an enhanced pneumonic illness or may occur shortly after influenza virus has been largely cleared from the lungs”
From Bacterial and viral infections associated with influenza (2013) · cites this paper as [1]
In the citing paper
“the resulting co‐infection can lead to an enhanced pneumonic illness”
From Bacterial and viral infections associated with influenza (2013) · cites this paper as [1]
In the citing paper
“our results suggest that alteration of macrophage function alone through a natural killer cell-mediated mechanism is not sufficient to explain increased susceptibility to S. aureus.”
From Influenza virus primes mice for pneumonia from Staphylococcus aureus. (2011) · cites this paper as [46]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Staphylococcus aureus: A Well–Armed Pathogen
Archer, G. L. (1998) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/520289 · Cited by 653
Sun, K., & Metzger, D. W. (2008) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm1765 · Cited by 587
Tumpey, T. M., García‐Sastre, A., Taubenberger, J. K., Palese, P., Swayne, D. E., Pantin‐Jackwood, M. J., Schultz‐Cherry, S., Solórzano, A., van Rooijen, N., Katz, J. M., et al. (2005) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.79.23.14933-14944.2005 · Cited by 504
Staphylococcus aureus : superbug, super genome?
Lindsay, J. A., & Holden, M. T. G. (2004) · Trends in Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.tim.2004.06.004 · Cited by 479
Natural killer cells as an initial defense against pathogens
Lodoen, M. B., & Lanier, L. L. (2006) · Current Opinion in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.coi.2006.05.002 · Cited by 473
In vivo evidence for a dependence on interleukin 15 for survival of natural killer cells
Cooper, M. A., Bush, J. E., Fehniger, T. A., VanDeusen, J. B., Waite, R. E., Liu, Y., Aguila, H. L., & Caligiuri, M. A. (2002) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2001-12-0293 · Cited by 456
McCullers, J. A., & Rehg, J. E. (2002) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/341462 · Cited by 423
Didierlaurent, A., Goulding, J., Patel, S., Snelgrove, R., Low, L., Bebien, M., Lawrence, T., van Rijt, L. S., Lambrecht, B. N., Sirard, J.-C., et al. (2008) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20070891 · Cited by 399
NK cells at the interface between innate and adaptive immunity
Moretta, A., Marcenaro, E., Parolini, S., Ferlazzo, G., & Moretta, L. (2007) · Cell Death and Differentiation · doi:10.1038/sj.cdd.4402170 · Cited by 387
Brundage, J. F. (2006) · The Lancet Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(06)70466-2 · Cited by 386
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 41 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–200 of 217
Damjanovic, D., Khera, A., Medina, M. F. C., Ennis, J., Turner, J. D., Gauldie, J., & Xing, Z. (2014) · Molecular Therapy — Methods & Clinical Development · doi:10.1038/mtm.2014.5 · Cited by 33
Self-citationShrestha, S., Foxman, B., Dawid, S. R., Aiello, A. E., Davis, B. M., Berus, J. M., & Rohani, P. (2013) · Journal of The Royal Society Interface · doi:10.1098/rsif.2013.0233 · Cited by 38
DeBerge, M., Ely, K. H., Cheng, G., & Enelow, R. I. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0079340 · Cited by 30
Chung, D. R., & Huh, K. (2015) · Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy · doi:10.1586/14787210.2015.999668 · Cited by 31
Cleary, D. W., & Clarke, S. C. (2017) · Emerging Topics in Life Sciences · doi:10.1042/etls20170041 · Cited by 31
Airway Natural Killer Cells and Bacteria in Health and Disease
Thérésine, M., Patil, N. D., & Zimmer, J. (2020) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.585048 · Cited by 28
Wu, Y., Mao, H., Ling, M.-T., Chow, K., Ho, P., Tu, W., & Lau, Y. (2011) · BMC Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1186/1471-2334-11-201 · Cited by 29
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine use during humanitarian crises.
van Zandvoort, K., Checchi, F., Diggle, E., Eggo, R., Gadroen, K., Mulholland, K., McGowan, C., de Waroux, O. L. P., Rao, V., Satzke, C., et al. (2019) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.09.038 · Cited by 26
Persistence of symptoms in dengue patients: a clinical cohort study
Tiga-Loza, D. C., Martínez-Vega, R. A., Undurraga, E. A., Tschampl, C. A., Shepard, D. S., & Ramos‐Castañeda, J. (2020) · Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.1093/trstmh/traa007 · Cited by 27
Borges, L. G. D. A., Giongo, A., Pereira, L. D. M., Trindade, F. J., Gregianini, T. S., Campos, F. S., Ghedin, E., & da Veiga, A. B. G. (2018) · Health Science Reports · doi:10.1002/hsr2.47 · Cited by 27
Gopal, R., Mendy, A., Marinelli, M. A., Richwalls, L. J., Seger, P. J., Patel, S., McHugh, K. J., Rich, H. E. A., Grousd, J. A., Forno, E., et al. (2019) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v11060505 · Cited by 27
Probiotics as a biotherapeutics for the management and prevention of respiratory tract diseases
Debnath, N., Kumar, A., & Yadav, A. K. (2022) · Microbiology and Immunology · doi:10.1111/1348-0421.12980 · Cited by 28
Defective antifungal immunity in patients with COVID-19
Morton, C. O., Griffiths, J. S., Loeffler, J., Orr, S. J., & White, P. L. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.1080822 · Cited by 27
Granzyme B ELISPOT assay to measure influenza-specific cellular immunity
Salk, H. M., Haralambieva, I. H., Ovsyannikova, I. G., Goergen, K. M., & Poland, G. A. (2013) · Journal of Immunological Methods · doi:10.1016/j.jim.2013.09.007 · Cited by 25
Qi, X., Liu, C., Li, R., Zhang, H., Xu, X., & Wang, J. (2016) · Research in Veterinary Science · doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2016.11.008 · Cited by 25
Sun, K., Gan, Y. X., & Metzger, D. W. (2011) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.01143-10 · Cited by 25
Ménage à trois: Virus, Host, and Microbiota in Experimental Infection Models
Mazel‐Sanchez, B., Yildiz, S., & Schmolke, M. (2019) · Trends in Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.tim.2018.12.004 · Cited by 25
Monnier, J., & Zabel, B. A. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0099350 · Cited by 26
Tam, V. C., Suen, R., Treuting, P. M., Armando, A. M., Lucarelli, R., Gorrochótegui-Escalante, N., Diercks, A. H., Quehenberger, O., Dennis, E. A., Aderem, A. A., et al. (2020) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2006343117 · Cited by 22
Tybur, J. M., Jones, B. C., DeBruine, L. M., Ackerman, J. M., & Fasolt, V. (2020) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797620955209 · Cited by 22
Mlacha, S. Z. K., Peret, T. C. T., Kumar, N., Romero‐Steiner, S., Hotopp, J. C. D., Ishmael, N., Grinblat-Huse, V., Riley, D. R. J., Erdman, D. D., Carlone, G. M., et al. (2013) · BMC Genomics · doi:10.1186/1471-2164-14-378 · Cited by 21
Ordija, C. M., Chiou, T. T.-Y., Yang, Z., DeLoid, G. M., Valdo, M. D. O., Wang, Z., Bedugnis, A. S., Noah, T. L., Jones, S., Koziel, H., et al. (2017) · American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajplung.00067.2017 · Cited by 24
Stegemann‐Koniszewski, S., Gereke, M., Orrskog, S., Lienenklaus, S., Pasche, B., Bader, S. R., Gruber, A. D., Akira, S., Weiß, S., Henriques‐Normark, B., et al. (2012) · Journal of Innate Immunity · doi:10.1159/000345112 · Cited by 21
Yi, T., Ding, W., Hao, Y., Cen, L., Li, J., Shi, X., Wang, T., Chen, D., & Zhu, H. (2022) · Microbial Pathogenesis · doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105558 · Cited by 20
Natural Killer Cell Functions during the Innate Immune Response to Pathogenic Streptococci
Lemire, P., Galbas, T., Thibodeau, J., & Segura, M. (2017) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2017.01196 · Cited by 18
Wilden, J. J., Jacob, J. C., Ehrhardt, C., Ludwig, S., & Boergeling, Y. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22115486 · Cited by 18
Birck, M. M., Pesonen, E. J., Odermarsky, M., Hansen, A. K., Persson, K., Frikke‐Schmidt, H., Heegaard, P. M. H., & Liuba, P. (2011) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.01253.2010 · Cited by 17
The Contribution of Viral Proteins to the Synergy of Influenza and Bacterial Co-Infection
Mikušová, M., Tomčíková, K., Briestenská, K., Kostolanský, F., & Varečková, E. (2022) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v14051064 · Cited by 19
Compartment diversity in innate immune reprogramming
Raşid, O., & Cavaillon, J. (2017) · Microbes and Infection · doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2017.12.008 · Cited by 19
Verma, A. K., McKelvey, M. C., Uddin, M. B., Palani, S., Niu, M., Bauer, C. D., Shao, S., & Sun, K. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.1011132 · Cited by 18
Lin, S.-J., Cheng, P.-J., Lin, T., Lee, P.-T., Hsiao, H.-S., & Kuo, M. (2012) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/jir843 · Cited by 15
Koch, R. M., Kox, M., Thijs, E. J. M., Rahamat-Langendoen, J. C., van de Veerdonk, F. L., Gerretsen, J., Schloesser, J. E. L., Diavatopoulos, D. A., Rimmelzwaan, G. F., Netea, M. G., et al. (2017) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.01600 · Cited by 15
Koch, R. M., Diavatopoulos, D. A., Ferwerda, G., Pickkers, P., de Jonge, M. I., & Kox, M. (2018) · Intensive Care Medicine Experimental · doi:10.1186/s40635-018-0182-5 · Cited by 15
Investigation of Cyprinid herpesvirus 2 and bacterial coinfection in Carassius gibel
Ren, W., Pan, X., Dai, C., Shu, T., Li, L., & Yuan, J. (2021) · Aquaculture · doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.736521 · Cited by 14
Palani, S., Bansal, S., Verma, A. K., Bauer, C. D., Shao, S., Uddin, M. B., & Sun, K. (2022) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.2101135 · Cited by 14
Heterotypic Influenza Infections Mitigate Susceptibility to Secondary Bacterial Infection
Cipolla, E., Yue, M., Nickolich, K. L., Huckestein, B. R., Antos, D., Chen, W., & Alcorn, J. F. (2022) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.2200261 · Cited by 14
Juárez-Reyes, A., Noyola, D. E., Monsiváis-Urenda, A. E., Álvarez-Quiroga, C., & González‐Amaro, R. (2013) · Clinical and Vaccine Immunology · doi:10.1128/cvi.00194-13 · Cited by 14
Lei, B., Wang, S., Yu, L., & Ma, Q. (2025) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2025.1673643 · Cited by 15
Smith, A. M. (2016) · Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics · doi:10.1007/s10928-016-9494-9 · Cited by 14
Host-informed therapies for the treatment of pneumococcal pneumonia
Sundaresh, B., Xu, S., Noonan, B., Mansour, M. K., Leong, J. M., & van Opijnen, T. (2021) · Trends in Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2021.07.008 · Cited by 14
Co-infection with Legionella and SARS-CoV-2, France, March 2020
Allam, C., Gaymard, A., Descours, G., Ginévra, C., Josset, L., Bouscambert‐Duchamp, M., Beraud, L., Ibranosyan, M., Golfier, C., Friggeri, A., et al. (2021) · Emerging infectious diseases · doi:10.3201/eid2711.202150 · Cited by 13
Ayegbusi, O. T., Ajagbe, O., Afowowe, T. O., Aransi, A. T., Olusola, B. A., Awogbindin, I. O., Oluwasemowo, O. O., Faneye, A. O., Odaibo, G. N., & Olaleye, D. O. (2019) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e01094 · Cited by 13
Resident memory macrophages and trained innate immunity at barrier tissues
Kang, A., D’Agostino, M. R., Afkhami, S., Jeyanathan, M., & Xing, Z. (2025) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.106549 · Cited by 12
Self-citationThe past, present and future of RNA respiratory viruses: influenza and coronaviruses
Makarov, V., Riabova, O., Ekins, S., Pluzhnikov, N., & Chepur, S. (2020) · Pathogens and Disease · doi:10.1093/femspd/ftaa046 · Cited by 13
Fischer, K. J., Yajjala, V. K., Bansal, S., Bauer, C. D., Chen, R., & Sun, K. (2019) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1801471 · Cited by 12
Severe viral pneumonia in adults: what is important for the ICU physician?
Gattarello, S., & Rello, J. (2017) · Hospital Practice · doi:10.1080/21548331.2017.1345280 · Cited by 12
Saha, A., Ganguly, A., Kumar, A., Srivastava, N., & Pathak, R. (2025) · Pathogens · doi:10.3390/pathogens14020129 · Cited by 13
Emerging cellular and molecular interactions between the lung microbiota and lung diseases
Li, X., & Meng, X. (2021) · Critical Reviews in Microbiology · doi:10.1080/1040841x.2021.1992345 · Cited by 11
Ha, Y.-E., So, Y. J., Im, J., Yun, C., Park, J., & Han, S. H. (2023) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110161 · Cited by 10
Innate immunity of the lungs in homeostasis and disease
Norris, P. A. A., & Kubes, P. (2025) · Mucosal Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.mucimm.2025.04.001 · Cited by 11
Influenza A virus and related secondary bacterial infections
Sheykhsaran, E., Hemmat, N., & Baghi, H. B. (2018) · Reviews in Medical Microbiology · doi:10.1097/mrm.0000000000000164 · Cited by 9
Huo, C., Li, Y., Tang, Y., Su, R., Xu, J., Dong, H. X., Hu, Y., & Yang, H. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26094162 · Cited by 9
Pawłowski, B., Nowak, J., Borkowska, B., & Drulis‐Kawa, Z. (2014) · American Journal of Human Biology · doi:10.1002/ajhb.22510 · Cited by 9
Klausberger, M., Ленева, И. А., Falynskova, I. N., Vasilev, K., Поддубиков, А. В., Lindner, C., Павловна, К. Н., Свитич, О. А., Stukova, M., Grabherr, R. M., et al. (2019) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines7040187 · Cited by 8
Zurli, V., Gallotta, M., Taccone, M., Chiarot, E., Brazzoli, M., Corrente, F., Bonci, A., Casini, D., Gregorio, E. D., Baudner, B. C., et al. (2016) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/jiw048 · Cited by 8
Mechanisms of Predisposition to Pneumonia
Infante, A. J., McCullers, J. A., & Orihuela, C. J. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-410530-0.00019-3 · Cited by 9
Liu, T., Miller, L. M., Dresden, B. P., Zhao, C., Pillai, Y., Rangel-Garcia, A., García-Hernández, M. D. L. L., Rangel‐Moreno, J., Chen, W., & Alcorn, J. F. (2025) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-025-09268-1 · Cited by 6
Wang, S., Yang, J., Sun, W., & Tao, Y. (2024) · Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials · doi:10.1186/s12941-024-00715-1 · Cited by 6
What came first, the virus or the egg: Innate immunity during viral coinfections
Rippee‐Brooks, M. D., Marcinczyk, R. N., & Lupfer, C. R. (2020) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/imr.12911 · Cited by 6
Ploin, D., Chidiac, C., Carrat, F., Cohen, B., Javouhey, É., Mayaud, C. M., Desenclos, J. C., Lina, B., & Leport, C. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Virology · doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2013.05.025 · Cited by 6
Aetiology of Acute Respiratory Infections in Children under Five Years in Nakuru, Kenya
Matu, M. (2014) · Journal of Microbiology & Experimentation · doi:10.15406/jmen.2014.01.00021 · Cited by 6
Staphylococcus aureus lipoproteins augment inflammatory responses in poly I:C-primed macrophages
Kang, S., Kim, A. R., Yun, C., & Han, S. H. (2018) · Cytokine · doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2018.08.020 · Cited by 6
Influence of Disease Severity and Gender on HLA-C Methylation in COVID-19 Patients
Sharif-zak, M., Abbasi-Jorjandi, M., Asadikaram, G., Ghoreshi, Z., Rezazadeh-Jabalbarzi, M., & Rashidinejad, H. (2022) · Iranian Journal of Science and Technology Transactions A Science · doi:10.1007/s40995-022-01334-1 · Cited by 6
Rozario, C., Martínez‐Sobrido, L., McSorley, H. J., & Chauché, C. (2021) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v13122519 · Cited by 5
Miller, L. M., Duray, A. M., Cipolla, E., Rago, F., Dresden, B. P., Parenteau, K. L., Gupta, A., & Alcorn, J. F. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci188342 · Cited by 5
The global proteome and ubiquitinome of bacterial and viral co-infected bronchial epithelial cells
Sura, T., Surabhi, S., Maaß, S., Hammerschmidt, S., Siemens, N., & Becher, D. (2021) · Journal of Proteomics · doi:10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104387 · Cited by 3
Kamio, N., Cueno, M. E., Takagi, A., & Imai, K. (2025) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jbc.2025.108166 · Cited by 4
Pulmonary Immunology of Infectious Disease
Burleson, G. R., Burleson, S. C. M., & BURLESON, F. G. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-404577-4.00030-8 · Cited by 4
Mechanisms of changes in immune response during bacterial coinfections of the respiratory tract
Sviriaeva, E. N., Korneev, K. V., Drutskaya, M. S., & Kuprash, D. V. (2016) · Biochemistry (Moscow) · doi:10.1134/s0006297916110110 · Cited by 4
Ahn, K. W., Kosoy, M., & Chan, K. (2014) · Epidemics · doi:10.1016/j.epidem.2014.03.001 · Cited by 4
Chen, H., Duan, H., Zhao, J., Sun, K., & Shan, K. (2024) · IDCases · doi:10.1016/j.idcr.2024.e02066 · Cited by 3
Influenza and its cardiovascular complications: a comprehensive review
Neyestanaki, M. H. K., & Neyestanaki, M. K. (2024) · Acta Angiologica · doi:10.5603/aa.99211 · Cited by 3
Chest Wall Swelling in a Child With Pneumonia
McAteer, J., Wang, L. A., Chan, A., Raabe, V., Kamat, P., Freeman, A., & Yildirim, I. B. (2019) · Clinical Pediatrics · doi:10.1177/0009922819853004 · Cited by 3
Respiratory RNA Viruses: How to Be Prepared for an Encounter with New Pandemic Virus Strains
Chepur, S. V., Nn, P., Chubar, O. V., Сергеевна, Б. Л., Litvinenko, I., Makarov, V., Gogolevsky, A. S., Myasnikov, V. A., Myasnikova, I. A., & Al-Shekhadat, R. I. (2021) · Biology Bulletin Reviews · doi:10.1134/s207908642102002x · Cited by 3
Advances in immune response to pulmonary infection: Nonspecificity, specificity and memory
Xu, J., & Xie, L. (2023) · Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine · doi:10.1002/cdt3.71 · Cited by 6
Burden of influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 infection among tuberculosis patients: a prospective cohort study
Umbreen, G., Rehman, A., Avais, M., Jabeen, C., Sadiq, S., Maqsood, R., Rashid, H. B., Afzal, S., & Chaudhry, M. (2023) · BMC Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1186/s12879-023-08441-3 · Cited by 3
Wang, J. Y., Zong, X. Y., Wu, G. H., Qi, Y. L., Li, H. Z., Ji, X. Y., Tong, L. X., Zhang, L., Yang, M. B., Yang, P. Y., et al. (2022) · PubMed Central · doi:10.3967/bes2022.126 · Cited by 3
Smith, E. A., Kumar, S. R. P., Deventhiran, J., Cecere, T. E., LeRoith, T., McGilliard, M. L., Elankumaran, S., & Kanevsky, I. (2011) · Influenza Research and Treatment · doi:10.1155/2011/846910 · Cited by 4
Frequency of viral etiology in community-acquired pneumonia
Khan, Z. A., Ali, A. S., Ahmed, I., Farooqi, J. Q., & Irfan, M. (2025) · Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease · doi:10.4081/monaldi.2025.3161 · Cited by 2
Respiratory Viral and Bacterial Superinfection
Naghshtabrizi, N., & Robinson, K. M. (2026) · Clinics in Chest Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2025.12.006 · Cited by 2
Current insights into bacterial secondary infection following influenza A virus infection
Seo, J.-H., Seo, Y.-J., Ryu, H., Shin, M., & Lee, C.-Y. (2026) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2026.1851115 · Cited by 2
Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Post COVID-19 Patients: Occurrence and Clinical Profile
Vijayalakshmi, S., Akshata, J. S., Chakraborthy, A., Karanth, S., Ramaswamy, S., & Chikkavenkatappa, N. (2023) · Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews · doi:10.2174/1573398x19666230706121915 · Cited by 2
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on tuberculosis management in India: A Brief Overview
Rajput, S., Gupta, S. K., & Chaturvedi, T. (2023) · Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences · doi:10.18006/2023.11(3).534.541 · Cited by 2
What we know about alterations in immune cells during sepsis in veterinary animals?
Siemińska, I., & Arent, Z. (2024) · Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology · doi:10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110804 · Cited by 2
Umbreen, G., Rehman, A., Aslam, S., Jabeen, C., Iqbal, M., Riaz, A., Sadiq, S., Maqsood, R., Rashid, H. B., Afzal, S., et al. (2024) · BMC Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1186/s12879-024-09263-7 · Cited by 2
The early-life microbiome: the key to respiratory health?
de Koff, E. M., Pattaroni, C., Marsland, B. J., & Bogaert, D. (2019) · European Respiratory Society eBooks · doi:10.1183/2312508x.10015818 · Cited by 2
Gomes, K. M., Leite, S. P., Moutinho, M. H. V., de Souza, T. A., Batista, R. D. C., de Oliveira, L. C. M., Redner, P., Ramos, J. P., da Rocha, F. M. G., de Oliveira, G. P., et al. (2021) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2021.11.17.21266274 · Cited by 2
Rousse, M., Cucuat, N., Janicot, C., & Shrivastava, R. (2014) · International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research · doi:10.25004/ijpsdr.2014.060101 · Cited by 1
Advancing in the Direction of Right Solutions: Treating Multidrug-Resistant Pneumonia
Chaudhary, M., Ayub, S. G., & Payasi, A. (2017) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.69979 · Cited by 1
Wu, R.-G. (2013) · 內科學誌 · doi:10.6314/jimt.2013.24(4).10 · Cited by 1
Gáll, O., Pletz, M. W., & Ianoși, E. S. (2016) · Revista română de medicină de laborator · doi:10.1515/rrlm-2016-0028 · Cited by 1
Necrotizing pneumonia caused Staphylococcus aureus
Борисович, Б. В. (2014) · Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases · doi:10.17816/eid40758 · Cited by 1
ROLE OF VIRAL AND HOST FACTORS IN INFLUENZA VIRUS MEDIATED INHIBITION OF INTERLEUKIN-23
Tiwari, A. (2014) · Cited by 1
Natural killer cell activation, trafficking, and contribution to immune responses to viral pathogens
Carlin, L. E. (2013) · doi:10.17077/etd.mj5sjj3n · Cited by 1
Animal Models of Inflammation During Pregnancy
Racicot, K. E., & Latham, K. E. (2017) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118881286.ch12 · Cited by 1
Tybur, J. M., Jones, B. C., DeBruine, L. M., Ackerman, J. M., & Fasolt, V. (2020) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/m6ghr · Cited by 1
Hrusch, C. L. (2011) · UNM’s Digital Repository (University of New Mexico)
Pinninti, S. G., & Tolan, R. W. (2010) · Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1097/ipc.0b013e3182041ff2
Host Resistance Assays for Immunotoxicity Testing
Burleson, S. C. M., BURLESON, F. G., & Burleson, G. R. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.64238-1
Metadata
- Authors
- Small, C.-L., Shaler, C. R., McCormick, S., Jeyanathan, M., Damjanovic, D., Brown, E. G., Arck, P., Jordana, M., Kaushic, C., Ashkar, A. A., & Xing, Z.
- Affiliations
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research (CA)
- University of Ottawa (CA)
- McMaster University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- McCormick, Sarah
- Jeyanathan, Mangalakumari
- Damjanovic, Daniela
- Jordana, Manel
- Kaushic, Charu
- Xing, Zhou
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Journal of Immunology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2010-01-18
- Volume
- 184
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 2048-2056
- ISSN
- 0022-1767 (ISSN-L)
- 1550-6606
- OpenAlex
- W2122758441
- Cited by
- 216
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 7.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Journal of Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Respiratory viral infections research
- Keywords
- influenza virus, secondary bacterial infection, Staphylococcus aureus, natural killer cells, TNF-α, alveolar macrophages, secondary infection susceptibility, heterologous infection, lung immunopathology, phagocytosis, adoptive transfer, H1N1 influenza
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Disease Susceptibility, Female, Killer Cells, Natural, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Orthomyxoviridae Infections, Pneumonia, Viral, Staphylococcal Infections, Superinfection, Macrophages, Alveolar, Pneumonia, Bacterial, Mice, Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review