The DOI matches its Crossref record; 4 of the 4 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Dual Roles of IL-4 in Lung Injury and Fibrosis
Open accessAbstract
Increased lung IL-4 expression in pulmonary fibrosis suggests a potential pathogenetic role for this cytokine. To dissect this role, bleomycin-induced pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis were analyzed and compared in wild type (IL-4+/+) vs IL-4-deficient (IL-4−/−) mice. Lethal pulmonary injury after bleomycin treatment was higher in IL-4−/− vs IL-4+/+ mice. By administration of anti-CD3 Abs, we demonstrated that this early response was linked to the marked T lymphocyte lung infiltration and to the overproduction of the proinflammatory mediators such as TNF-α, IFN-γ, and NO in IL-4−/− mice. In contrast to this early anti-inflammatory/immunosuppressive role, during later stages of fibrosis, IL-4 played a profibrotic role since IL-4−/− mice developed significantly less pulmonary fibrosis relative to IL-4+/+ mice. However, IL-4 failed to directly stimulate proliferation, α-smooth muscle actin, and type I collagen expression in lung fibroblasts isolated from the wild-type mice. Upon appropriate stimulation with other known fibrogenic cytokines, fibroblasts from IL-4−/− mice were relatively deficient in the studied parameters in comparison to fibroblasts isolated from IL-4+/+ mice. Taken together, these data suggest dual effects of IL-4 in this model of lung fibrosis: 1) limiting early recruitment of T lymphocytes, and 2) stimulation of fibrosis chronically.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Chiaramonte, M. G., Donaldson, D. D., Cheever, A. W., & Wynn, T. A. (1999) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci7325 · Cited by 603
Postlethwaite, A. E., Holness, M. A., Katai, H., & Raghow, R. (1992) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci116015 · Cited by 504
Interleukin-13 modulates collagen homeostasis in human skin and keloid fibroblasts
Oriente, A., Fedarko, N. S., Pacocha, S. E., Huang, S.-K., Lichtenstein, L. M., & Essayan, D. M. (2000) · The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3565(24)35380-7 · Cited by 230
Th2 cytokine regulation of type I collagen gel contraction mediated by human lung mesenchymal cells
Liu, X., Kohyama, T., Wang, H., Zhu, Y. K., Wen, F.-Q., Kim, H. J., Romberger, D. J., & Rennard, S. I. (2002) · American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajplung.00321.2001 · Cited by 77
Cited by
VEGFR1-positive haematopoietic bone marrow progenitors initiate the pre-metastatic niche
Kaplan, R. N., Riba, R. D., Zacharoulis, S., Bramley, A. H., Vincent, L., Costa, C., MacDonald, D. D., Jin, D. K., Shido, K., Kerns, S. A., et al. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04186 · Cited by 3,288
T cells in systemic sclerosis: a reappraisal
O'Reilly, S., Hugle, T., & van Laar, J. M. (2012) · Rheumatology · doi:10.1093/rheumatology/kes090 · Cited by 218
TXNIP maintains the hematopoietic cell pool by switching the function of p53 under oxidative stress
Jung, H., Kim, M. J., Kim, D. O., Kim, W. S., Yoon, S.-J., Park, Y.-J., Yoon, S. R., Kim, T.-D., Suh, H.-W., Yun, S., et al. (2013) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2013.06.002 · Cited by 132
Platelet-derived growth factor-producing CD4+ Foxp3+ regulatory T lymphocytes promote lung fibrosis
Lo Re, S., Lecocq, M., Uwambayinema, F., Yakoub, Y., Delos, M., Demoulin, J.-B., Lucas, S., Sparwasser, T., Renauld, J.-C., Lison, D., et al. (2011) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.201103-0516oc · Cited by 128
Self-citationLi, Q., Cheng, Y., Zhang, Z., Bi, Z., Ma, X., Wei, Y., & Wei, X. (2022) · Clinical and Translational Medicine · doi:10.1002/ctm2.1036 · Cited by 77
Metadata
- Authors
- Huaux, F., Liu, T., McGarry, B., Ullenbruch, M., & Phan, S. H.
- Venue
- The Journal of Immunology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2003-02
- Volume
- 170
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 2083-2092
- ISSN
- 0022-1767 (ISSN-L)
- 1550-6606
- OpenAlex
- W2163702064
- Cited by
- 236
- References
- 4
- FWCI
- 12.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Dual Roles of IL-4 in Lung Injury and Fibrosis. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.4049/jimmunol.170.4.2083
- The paper
- Huaux, F., Liu, T., McGarry, B., Ullenbruch, M., & Phan, S. H. (2003). Dual Roles of IL-4 in Lung Injury and Fibrosis. The Journal of Immunology. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.170.4.2083
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
